>> دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی
>> معاونت پژوهشی و فناوری
>> نشریات دانشگاه در پرتال وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری

  اخبار و اعلانات

 آمار

تعداد نشریات20
تعداد شماره‌ها417
تعداد مقالات3,417
تعداد مشاهده مقاله5,042,725
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله3,443,633
فراش خیابانی, مریم. (1403). کاربست نظریه شهر عدالت محور در شهرهای کره جنوبی. لسان مبین, 2(2), 178-194. doi: 10.30479/ust.2024.20693.1164
مریم فراش خیابانی. "کاربست نظریه شهر عدالت محور در شهرهای کره جنوبی". لسان مبین, 2, 2, 1403, 178-194. doi: 10.30479/ust.2024.20693.1164
فراش خیابانی, مریم. (1403). 'کاربست نظریه شهر عدالت محور در شهرهای کره جنوبی', لسان مبین, 2(2), pp. 178-194. doi: 10.30479/ust.2024.20693.1164
فراش خیابانی, مریم. کاربست نظریه شهر عدالت محور در شهرهای کره جنوبی. لسان مبین, 1403; 2(2): 178-194. doi: 10.30479/ust.2024.20693.1164

کاربست نظریه شهر عدالت محور در شهرهای کره جنوبی

اندیشه راهبردی شهرسازی
مقاله 12، دوره 2، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 4، شهریور 1403، صفحه 178-194    اصل مقاله (1.74 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی - پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30479/ust.2024.20693.1164
نویسنده
مریم فراش خیابانی*
دانش‌آموخته دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر، تهران، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت: 06 شهریور 1403،  تاریخ بازنگری: 17 آبان 1403،  تاریخ پذیرش: 06 آذر 1403 
چکیده
مقدمه: مفهوم عدالت، و چگونگی محقق شدن آن در شهر، از دیرباز مورد توجه اندیشمندان بوده است. در این خصوص واژه‌های گوناگونی مانند برابری، مساوات و عدالت مطرح شده است. در بین نظریه‌های هنجاری که در پارادایم برنامه‌ریزی شهری معاصر مورد توجه هستند، یکی از مهم‌ترین آن‌ها، شهر عدالت محور است. فاینشتاین  با مرور مفاهیم مرتبط با عدالت، نظریه‌ی شهر عدالت‌محور را طرح و سه اصل پایه‌ای برای آن تعریف می‌کند.  
هدف پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر در تلاش است با مرور ادبیات مرتبط با مفهوم عدالت، شهر عدالت‌محور و ویژگی‌های آن را مورد بررسی و سپس کاربست این نظریه را در شهرهای کشور کره‌جنوبی مورد ارزیابی قرار دهد. در این زمینه، این کشور به عنوان یکی از کشورهایی که در سال‌های اخیر توسعه‌ای چشمگیر داشته و در مدتی کوتاه، از کشوری با اقتصاد توسعه نیافته به یکی از پیشرفته‌ترین اقتصادهای جهان بدل شده و یکی از شهرهای جهانی مهم، سئول، در آن قرار دارد انتخاب شده است.
روش‌شناسی:  این پژوهش از نظر هدف در گروه پژوهش‌های کاربردی قرار دارد و طرح پژوهش آن کیفی است. ذیل روش‌های کیفی، با رویکرد تفسیری، روش نمونه‌موردی انتخاب شده است و موضوع مورد مطالعه، شهر عدالت محور، به شکل نظام مند در سه کلان شهر کشور کره جنوبی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.
یافته‌ها و بحث: تمرکز بیش از حد بر سئول و توزیع نامتوازن امکانات، عدم همخوانی اصول دموکراسی با نظام سیاسی و برنامه‌ریزی در این کشور نشان می‌دهد شهرهای کره جنوبی هر چند در مسیر عدالت محوری گام برمی‌دارند، راه بسیاری تا رسیدن به مفهوم شهر عدالت در پیش دارند.
نتیجه‌گیری: کره جنوبی با نظامی که مدعی توسعه‌ای افزاینده است، با چالش‌هایی نیز در خصوص چگونگی این توسعه مواجه است. طبق بررسی‌های انجام شده در این پژوهش، شهروندان کره‌ای نیز دریافته‌اند که در دنیای کنونی، توسعه اقتصادی به هر قیمتی نیز مطلوب نیست.
کلیدواژه‌ها
نظریه‌های هنجاری؛ شهر عدالت محور؛ برابری؛ مساوات؛ کره جنوبی
عنوان مقاله [English]
Utilising the Just City Theory in the Context of South Korean Cities
نویسندگان [English]
Maryam Farash Khiabani
PhD in Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture & Urbanism, University of Art, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Introduction: The concept of justice, its definitions, and how to realise it in the city have long been the concerns of thinkers of different ages. In this regard, various concepts, such as equality and justice, have been mentioned among the normative theories of the urban planning paradigm. One of the most important and challenging ideas in urban planning is the just city. Susan Feinstein, one of the contemporary planners, proposed the theory of the just city and defined three basic principles: democracy, diversity, and equity. However, if these three principles are followed, failure is still possible. For example, the value of democracy will be problematic when democratic participation leads to the exclusion and protection of people with special conditions.
The Purpose of the Research: The present study tries to review the literature related to the concept of justice, the just city and its characteristics, and then evaluate the application of this theory in the towns of South Korea. In this context, this country, as one of the essential countries of East Asia, has developed significantly in recent years, and in a short period, it has turned from a country with an undeveloped economy into one of the most advanced economies in the world. This country is one of the most active countries to bring its economy to the level of developed countries in the world in a short period. However, after the industry's significant growth in South Korea, its negative consequences also caused concern for the country's politicians. This country also faced social, cultural, and spatial issues, especially concerning the issue of justice in its planning system. Therefore, the question arises whether development, especially from an economic point of view, can express other dimensions of development concerning justice. This research reviews the concept of justice and its relationship with the city by emphasising Feinstein's just city theory. It will examine its relationship with three major cities in South Korea: Seoul, Busan and Daegu.
Methodology: This research is in the applied research category, and its research design is qualitative. According to Creswell, the current research was conducted using one of the qualitative design methods: the case study. In this study, three metropolises in South Korea have been examined from the perspective of the theory of the just city.
Findings and Discussion: The problems that arise in times of crisis in Asian countries such as South Korea are caused by the consequences of a less democratic government. Too much focus on the city of Seoul and the unbalanced distribution of facilities shows the incompatibility of the principles of democracy with this country's political system and planning. However, practical efforts in cities like Busan promise the existence of people's capacities to expand justice and diversity. In the equity issue, the forced displacement of citizens for construction and the indiscriminate expansion of foreign companies and investors. In the issue of diversity, the imbalance in the distribution of various services in the country and the monocentricity of Seoul are evident. Regarding democracy, most policies are regulated by the central government, and local governments do not have enough power. In general, the cities of South Korea are taking a step toward justice, but they have a long way to go before they reach the concept of a just city.
Conclusion: A review of historical events indicates that South Korea is a country under many attacks and damage, and security and stability in this country do not have a long history. Therefore, after establishing the republic, the desire for rapid development with an ambitious view spread among its rulers. Most of these governments also had military commanders, and the influence of this view is evident in the desire to reform by force. In this country, economic development casts a shadow over everything and other aspects of development are placed at the following levels of importance. A review of the state of significant cities in this country shows that the unfair distribution of resources and excessive attention to Seoul as a global city has caused the capacities of other towns to be ignored. If some measures are not taken in this regard, considering the capacity, this city will face environmental, social and economic consequences due to Seoul's limited geography.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Just city, Normative theory, Soth Korea, Equity, Equality
مراجع
  1. Abrahamson, M. (2004). Global Cities. Oxford University Press.
  2. Allmendinger, F. (2017). Planning Theory, translated by Elham Bahman Timuri, Tehran: Azarakhsh Publications. [in Persian]
  3. Bemanian, M., Taqvaei, A., & Bahrampour, M. (2014). Explaining the approach of justice-oriented city theory in an urban management system with emphasis on urban development plans, Urban Management, 37, 231-256. [in Persian]. http://ijurm.imo.org.ir/article-1-372-fa.html
  4. Bleiki, N. (2000). Tarahi Pajooheshha-ye ejtemaee [Designing Social Research]. Translated by Hasan Chavoshian, Tehran: Ney. [in Persian]
  5. Chan, S., & Clark, C. (1994). Economic Development in Taiwan: Escaping the State—Market Dichotomy. Government and Policy, 12(2), 127-143. https://doi.org/10.1068/c120127
  6. Chueca, E. G. (2016). Human rights in the city and the right to the city: Two different paradigms confronting urbanisation. In B. Oomen, M. F. Davis, & M. Grigolo (Eds.), Global Urban Justice: The Rise of Human Rights Cities, 103–120. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316544792
  7. Crang, M., & Thrift, N. (2000). Thinking Space. translated by Mahmoud Abdullahzadeh, Tehran: Cultural Research Office Publications. [in Persian]
  8. Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design Choosing Among Five Approaches. SAGE Publication.
  9. Dadashpour, H., & Alvandipour, N. (2017). Conceptual typology of justice in urban planning theories within the framework of an interdisciplinary approach. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities, 9(2), 1-27. [in Persian] https://doi: 10.22631/isih.2017.248
  10. Daneshpour, Z. (2008). An introduction to planning theories emphasising urban planning, Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University Publication. [in Persian]
  11. Doucette, J. (2010). The terminal crisis of the “participatory government” and the election of Lee Myung Bak. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 40(1), 22–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472330903270338
  12. Ebrahimparvar, M., Majedi, H., Zarabadi, Z. (2024). Explanation of the physical spatial justice components of a justice-oriented city with an emphasis on the knowledge-power theory, case study: the five districts of Rasht city. Urban Planning Knowledge, 8(1), 55-76. [in Persian] Doi: 10.22124/upk.2024.25410.1883
  13. Fainstein, S. (1999). Can we make the cities we want. The Urban Moment. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  14. Fainstein, S. (2000). New directions in planning theory. Urban Affairs Review, 35(4), 451-478. https://doi.org/10.1177/107808740003500401
  15. Fainstein, (2010). The Just City. Cornell: University Press.
  16. Ganjipour, A., Kalantari, M., Rezavian, M. T., & Tavakolinia, J. (2013). Spatial Justice in the Distribution of Public Services in the City (Case Study: District Eight of Tehran). Political Planning of Space. 5 (3): 311-335. [in Persian]. http://psp.modares.ac.ir/article-42-63653-fa.html
  17. Habibi, K, Alizadeh, H., Moradi Masihi, V., Valadbeigi, S. & Vafaee, S. (2011). Investigation and analysis of the social justice situation in the spatial structure of Sanandaj city. Armanshahr, 7, 112-103. [in Persian]. https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_32686.html
  18. Han, S. (2022). Spatial stratification and socio-spatial inequalities: the case of Seoul and Busan in South Korea. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 9 (23). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01035-5
  19. Harvey, D. (1973). Social Justice and the City. translated by Farrokh Hassamian, Mohammad Reza Haeri & Behrouz Manadizadeh, Tehran: Urban Planning and Processing Company Publications.[in Persian]
  20. Hataminejad, H., & Rasti, A. (2016). Social justice and spatial justice; Examining and comparing the theories of John Rawls and David Harvey. scientific-research quarterly of land geography, 3(1), 50-38. [in Persian]. https://journals.srbiau.ac.ir/article_5966.html
  21. Heo, I. (2015). Managing Policy Dilemmas in South Korea: The Case of the Emissions Trading Scheme. Asian Studies Review, 39(3), 447–465. doi:10.1080/10357823.2015.10
  22. Hur, S.-K., Mallick, S., & Park, D. (2014). Fiscal Policy and Crowding Out in Developing Asia. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 32(6), 1117-1132. https://doi.org/10.1068/c12185
  23. Joo, Y. M. (2015). From Developmental Cities to Entrepreneurial Cities to Just Cities: Building More Just Urban Governance in Asia. Published In International Conference Representations, policies, contradictions and challenges for tomorrow's urban life, Italy. https://scholar.google.com.sg/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=DYo_yOcAAAAJ&citation_for_view=DYo_yOcAAAAJ:9yKSN-GCB0IC
  24. Jozi, S. A., Rezaian, S., & Badash, A. (2007). Comparative study of the land use planning studies in the Islamic Republic of Iran with France, Germany and the Republic of Korea, Published In First National Conference on Geography and Land Use Planning, Tehran. [in Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/242299/
  25. Jung, K. (2024). South Korea in 2023: Turbulent Yoon Suk-Yeol Administration: Democratic Challenges and Global Pivot State. Asian Survey, 64(2), 222–234. https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2024.64.2.222
  26. KashaniRad, E., Majedi, H., & Zabihi, H. (2022). The effect of the conceptual framework of spatial justice on the access of citizens of Sari city. Geography (Regional Planning), 12(48), 1377-1389. [in Persian]. doi: 10.22034/jgeoq.2023.351336.3781
  27. Kim, H., Marcouiller, D. W., & Choi, Y. (2019). Urban Redevelopment with Justice Implications: The Role of Social Justice and Social Capital in Residential Relocation Decisions. Urban Affairs Review, 55(1), 288-320. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087418759605
  28. Kim, J. D. Y., Choi, E., & Lee, E. (2019). Social justice, fairness and exclusion in the South Korean electricity sector. Energy Research & Social Science, 51, 55–66. doi:10.1016/j.erss.2018.12.002
  29. Kim, K. J. (2006). The Development of Modern South Korea.
  30. Kim, K. J. (2012). The study of urban form in South Korea, Urban Morphology, 16(2), 149-164.   https://doi.org/10.51347/jum.v16i2.3986
  31. Lee, H., Kang, M. & Lee, E. (2024). Lost in communication: The vanished momentum of just transition in South Korea. Energy Research & Social Science, 115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103642
  32. Lee, SC., & Park, S. (2008). Spatial Regeneration and Beyond: Daegu, Korea. In: Kidokoro, T., Harata, N., Subanu, L.P., Jessen, J., Motte, A., Seltzer, E.P. (eds) Sustainable City Regions: Space, Place and Governance. Tokyo: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-78147-9_6
  33. Lee, Y., Song, H. & Jeong, S. (2021). Prioritising environmental justice in the port hinterland policy: Case of Busan New Port. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2021.100672
  34. Mousavi, M. (2012). Sustainable City Shape and Social Justice (Case Study: Miandoab City). Human Geography Research, 80, 177-192. [in Persian] https://doi.org/10.22059/jhgr.2012.24607
  35. Neuman, L. (2011). Social research methods: qualitative and quantitative approaches. Translated by Abolhasan Faghihi & Asal Aghaz, Tehran: Termeh. [in Persian]
  36. Park, S., Yun, S. & Cho, C. (2024). Energy justice: Lessons from offshore wind farm siting conflicts in South Korea. Energy Policy, 185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113972
  37. (1713). Republic. Translated by Fouad Rouhani, Tehran: House of Book Translation and Publishing Company. [in Persian]
  38. Purcell, M. (2009). Resisting Neoliberalisation: communicative planning or counter-hegemonic movements. Planning Theory, 8(2), 140–165. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26165939
  39. Rafieian, M., Ghasemi, I. & Nouzari, K. (2019). A New Formulation of the Concept of Spatial Justice Discourse: a Framework for the Analysis of Tehran City. Urban Planning Knowledge, 3(3), 21-44. [in Persian]. doi: 10.22124/upk.2019.14284.1281
  40. SaidiRizvani, H., & Noorian, F. (2014). justice-oriented urban development; A progressive approach in urban planning. Urban Studies, 12, 47-58. [in Persian]. https://urbstudies.uok.ac.ir/article_10947.html
  41. Salter, C. L. (2003). South Korea (Modern world nations). Chelsea House Publisher.
  42. Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. Translated by Mohammad Saeed Noori, Tehran: Ney Publication. [in Persian]
  43. Seoul Metropolitan Government. (2023). Seoul Urban Planning. Retrieved 2023, Dec. 15, from https://seoulsolution.kr/en/urbanplanning
  44. Soja, E. W. (2010). Seeking spatial justice. University of Minnesota Press.
  45. Taghvaei, A., Bemanian, M. R., Pourjafar, M. R., & Bahrampour, M. (2015). Measuring spatial justice within the framework of the theory of a just city, case study: 22 districts of Tehran Municipality. Urban Management, 14(38), 391-423. [in Persian] https://sid.ir/paper/92135/fa
  46. Talvitie, A. (2009). Theory less planning. planning theory, 8(2). 166–190. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26165940
  47. Thomas, J. M. (2008). The minority-race planner in the quest for a Just City. Planning Theory Journal, 7(3), 227–247. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095208094822
  48. Thomas, J. M., & Hwang, H. Y. (2003). Social Equity in Redevelopment and Housing: United States and Korea. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 23(1), 8-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X03257257
  49. Tudor, D. (2012). Korea: The Impossible Country. Tuttle Publishing.
  50. Watson, V. (2002). The Usefulness of Normative Planning Theories in the Context of Sub-Saharan Africa. Planning Theory, 1(1), 27-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/147309520200100103
  51. Winkler, T. (2009). Prolonging The global age of gentrification: Johannesburg’s regeneration policies. planning theory, 8(4), 362–381. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26165924
  52. Wolman, A. (2013). Looking Back while Moving Forward: The Evolution of Truth Commissions in Korea. Asian-Pacific Law and Policy Journal, 14(3), 27-56. https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/20560/
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 462
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 236


سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب