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مرور نظاممند مؤلفههای محیطی و منظرین موثر بر ترمیم ذهنی | ||
نشریه علمی اندیشه معماری | ||
مقاله 3، دوره 8، شماره 15، فروردین 1403، صفحه 38-57 | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30479/at.2025.21200.2067 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
فرزانه صالحی کوسالاری1؛ عبدالحمید قنبران* 2؛ علی شرقی3؛ علی جهانی4 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری معماری، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، دانشکدة معماری و شهرسازی، تهران، ایران | ||
2دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، تهران، ایران | ||
3دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، دانشکدة معماری و شهرسازی، تهران، ایران | ||
4دانشیار پژوهشکدة محیطزیست و توسعة پایدار، تهران، ایران | ||
تاریخ دریافت: 02 آذر 1403، تاریخ بازنگری: 16 بهمن 1403، تاریخ پذیرش: 18 بهمن 1403 | ||
چکیده | ||
بیان مسئله: خستگی ذهنی بهعنوان یکی از مشکلات انسان مدرن، سبب کاهش کارایی ذهنی و مشکلات متعدد دیگری می شود و می بایست برای ترمیم آن تلاش کرد. طبق مطالعات گذشته، متغیرهای منظر و محیطی از راهکارهای ترمیم ذهن هستند. سؤال تحقیق: پژوهش حاضر در جستجوی متغیرهای مختلف و مؤثر محیطی برترمیم ذهن و جمعبندی این متغیرها با توجه به ادبیات موجود برای این زمینهی پژوهشی است. اهداف تحقیق: جمعآوری مطالعات پیشین و بررسی نظاممند آن ها، به جمعبندی موضوع و ادامه ی مطالعات حوزه ی ترمیم ذهنی، کمک شایانی میکند. علاوه بر آن فرصتهای پژوهشی برای مواردی که هنوز بررسی نشده، شناخته خواهد شد. روش تحقیق: پژوهش حاضر با عقب گردی 15 ساله، مطالعات انجامشده در بازه زمانی 2010 تا 2024 را در پایگاههای ساینس دیرکت، تیلور اند فرنسیس، وایلی و سیج موردبررسی قرارداد. محدودیتهای پژوهش شامل نوشته شدن به زبان انگلیسی، مرتبط بودن با معماری و منظر، داشتن کلیدواژگان مرتبط با ترمیم ذهنی و خستگی ذهن در عنوان، چکیده یا متن مقالات است که این کلیدواژگان به نحوی توسط پژوهش گران انتخاب شد که بیشترین مقالات منتشر شده در پایگاههای اطلاعاتی را شامل شود. سپس خلاصه ی مطالعات جمعآوریشده از طریق تحلیل محتوا در قالب متغیرهای مرتبط با محیط و ذهن کدگذاری و دسته بندی شدند. برای جمعبندی پژوهشهای یادشده از بررسی فراوانی متغیرهای محیطی استفاده گردید و سپس مدلهای ارتباطی بین متغیرهای محیطی و ذهنی ترسیم شدند. مهم ترین یافته ها و نتیجه گیری تحقیق: یافته های اصلی این پژوهش نشان داد که مطالعات 15 سال اخیر حوزه ی ترمیم ذهن، با وجود تفاوت های زیاد، تنها بر پایه ی یازده نظریه یا رویکرد اصلی شکل گرفته اند. همچنین حدود نیمی از مطالعات اخیر از پرسشنامه استفاده کردهاند؛ اما رشد پژوهش های ترکیبی کمّی-کیفی در سال های اخیر، بیان گر ارزشمندی کاربرد این دو شیوه در کنار هم برای جبران ضعف های احتمالی هرکدام است. متغیرهای مرتبط با ترمیم ذهن در مقالات اخیر در چهار گروه فرهنگی-اجتماعی، عاطفی، روانی و شناختی-عملکردی قابل دسته بندی هستند. اثر متغیر دسترسی به طبیعت بر ترمیم ذهنی، ترمیم توجه و کاهش استرس، اثر متغیر جذابیت، منظر صوتی، آب و آبنما، وجود درختچه ها و درختان، دوری و سبزینگی و فضای سبز بر ترمیم ذهنی و اثر طراحی بیوفیلیک بر کاهش استرس، از پرتکرارترین ارتباطات بین متغیرهای مطالعات بودند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
مرور نظاممند؛ ترمیم ذهنی؛ محیط و منظر؛ خستگی ذهنی | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Systematic review of environmental components and landscapes affecting mental restoration | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Farzaneh Salehi Kousalari1؛ Abdolhamid Ghanbaran2؛ Ali Sharghi3؛ Ali Jahani4 | ||
1Ph.D. Candidate in architecture, Department of Architecture, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tehran, Iran | ||
2Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tehran, Iran | ||
3Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tehran, Iran | ||
4Associate Professor, Research Center of Environment and Sustainable Development, Tehran, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Research Problem: Modern life requires attention to the continuous flow of information, and this long-term attention causes mental fatigue. Mental fatigue, as one of the problems of modern man, reduces mental efficiency and causes numerous other physical and psychological problems. One of the solutions to adjust this type of fatigue is to restore the mind of effort. Based on previous theoretical knowledge such as attention restoration theory (ART) and stress reduction theory (SRT), as well as previous studies, landscape and environmental variables are among the strategies for restoring the mind. Research Question: The present study seeks to identify various environmental variables that affect mental recovery and summarize these variables according to the existing literature in this field of research. It also seeks to discover through which channels related to the human mind, mental recovery related to the environment occurs. Research Method: This study was a systematic review to understand the similarities, differences, and research gaps in the field of human mental restoration. Therefore this paper reviewed studies conducted between 2010 and 2024 in the Science Direct, Taylor & Francis, Wiley, and Sage databases with a 15-year retrospective review. The scope of the review was limited to English-language publications within the fields of architecture and landscape architecture. Article selection was guided by the presence of keywords related to "mental restoration" and "mental fatigue" such as "Mental* fatigue", "Mental* fatigue" and environment*, "Mental* fatigue" and Landscape, "Psychological restoration" and environment* within the title, abstract, or main text. These keywords were selected by the researchers in a way that included the most articles published in the databases. Then, the summaries of the studies collected through content analysis were coded and categorized in the form of variables related to the environment and the mind. To summarize the aforementioned studies, the frequency of environmental variables was examined, and then relationship models between environmental and mental variables were drawn. The result of the search was the number of 3092 studies, after applying restrictions, 135 articles were found to be eligible for inclusion in the study. The Most Important Results and Conclusion: This study revealed that investigations into mental restoration over the past 15 years have primarily been grounded in eleven core theoretical frameworks, despite diverse research approaches. Also, about half of recent studies have used questionnaires; however, the growth of mixed quantitative-qualitative research in recent years indicates the value of using these two methods together to compensate for the possible weaknesses of each. Variables associated with mental restoration in contemporary literature can be broadly categorized into four distinct groups: cultural-social, emotional, psychological, and cognitive-functional. The effect of the variable access to nature on mental restoration, attention restoration and stress reduction, the effect of the variable attractiveness, soundscape, water and fountains, the presence of shrubs and trees, distance and greenery and green space on mental restoration, and the effect of biophilic design on stress reduction were the most frequent relationships between the variables of the studies. Considering that the mentioned correlations have been repeated and confirmed in various researches, therefore the mentioned factors are very important in the discussion of mental restoration. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Systematic review, mental restoration, environment and landscape, mental fatigue | ||
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