تاریخ دریافت: 30 آذر 1395،
تاریخ بازنگری: 21 تیر 1396،
تاریخ پذیرش: 21 تیر 1396
چکیده
در سال 2011 و همزمان با آغاز تحولات در کشورهای عربی به عنوان بخشی از جهان اسلام، در کشور سوریه نیز اعتراضاتی بروز کرد که منجر به یک بحران گسترده در این کشور شد که تاکنون نیز حل ناشده باقی مانده است. اگرچه نمی توان از نقش دولتهای منطقه ای و جهانی در این بحران غفلت کرد، اما به نظر می رسد نقش عوامل داخلی در این بحران غیر قابل انکار باشد. این مقاله در تلاش است تا به بررسی عوامل داخلی اثرگذار در این بحران بپردازد و به این پرسش پاسخ دهد که مهمترین عوامل داخلی در بروز این بحران چه بوده است؟ این اثر نتیجه می گیرد که عوامل داخلی بحران سوریه به چند دسته تقسیم می‌شود: 1- رخدادهایی تاریخی هستند که در زمان حافظ اسد ایجاد شد ولی آثار آن همچنان در دوران بشار اسد تداوم یافته است؛ 2- به ناکارآمدی سیاسی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی نظام سوریه مربوط است که موجب ایجاد خدشه بر مشروعیت آن شده است؛ 3- به حضور گروههای تندرو و سلفی در این بحران ارتباط دارد که موجب گسترش افراط گرایی در این کشور و رد هرگونه سازش و گفتگو با دولت شده است؛ 4- گفتمان سیاسی نظام حکومتی این کشور که برآمده از گفتمان مقاومت در برابر اسرائیل و مستکبران است. این مقاله با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه ای، از سایتهای خبری، روزنامه ها و منابع میدانی از طریق مصاحبه با دانشجویان سوری مقیم ایران و افراد آگاه به شیوه ای توصیفی و تحلیلی به تبیین مسئله اصلی پرداخته است.
By studying the internal factors of the 2011 crisis in Syria, this article aims to describe causes led to the spontaneity of a part of Syria’s people in fighting against tyranny, and the attempt to change the political system. Investigation of Syria’s crisis indicates the tyranny which naturally and inevitably, has prepared the opportunity for the revolution to occur, and has resulted in the conversion of public hatred into a revolution. Based on Crane Brinton’s findings in the book “The Anatomy of Revolution”, it seems that Syria’s crisis is almost consistent and uniformed like the pattern of four revolution which Brinton studied. Symptoms such as: existence of a tyranny and its inability to suppress revolutionaries severely and completely, and also the prevalence of the notions like idealism and liberalism among revolutionaries, which had a fundamental role in providing necessary and sufficient objective and subjective aspects for the revolution, are also observed in Syria’s crisis. While investigating the internal factors of the crisis, this article tries to describe the symptoms of revolutionary fever which has resulted into this crisis. Focus on these issues and through descriptive and analytical methods, the article has utilized library resources, news sites, newspapers and field sources through interviews with Syrian students in Iran and cognizant people.
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