Optimization of hairy root induction in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and effects of nanoparticles on secondary metabolites accumulation

Ali S. S., Kasoju N., Luthra A., Singh A., Sharana Basava H., and Sahu, A. (2008). Indian medicinal herbs as sources of antioxidants. Food Research, 41: 1-15.

Banihashemi O., Khavari R. A., Yassa N., and Najafi F. (2015). Induction of hairy roots in Atropa komarovii using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 5(3): 2014-2020.

Bogucka-Kocka A., Zidorn C., Kasprzycka M., Szymczak G., and Szewczyk K. (2018). Phenolic acid content, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of four Kalanchoe species. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25(4): 622-630.

Bourgaud F., Gravot A., Milesi S., and Gontier, E. (2001). Production of plant secondary metabolites: a historical perspective. Plant Science, 161: 839-851.

Christian P., Von der Kammer F., Baalousha M., and Hofmann T. (2008). Nanoparticles: structure, properties, preparation and behavior in environmental media. Ecotoxicology, 17:326-343.

Das S., Vasudeva N., and Sharma S. (2016). Cichorium intybus: A concise report on its ethno medicinal, botanical, and phytopharmacological aspects. Drug Development and Therapeutics, 28: 1-12.

Doyle J. J., and Doyle J. L. (1987). A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin, 19: 11-15.

Fu L., Guo Y., Sun Y., Dong Y., Wu J., and Yu B. (2018). A novel Aβ epitope vaccine based on bacterium-like particle against Alzheimer’s disease. Molecular Immunology, 101: 259-267.

Hanafy P. M. S., Matter M. A., Asker M. S., and Rady M. R. (2016). Production of indole alkaloids in hairy root cultures of Catharanthus roseus L. and their antimicrobial activity. South African Journal of Botany. 105: 9-18.

Hatami M., and Ghorbanpour M. (2014). Defense enzymes activity and biochemical variations of Pelargonium zonale in response to nanosilver particles and dark storage. Turkish Journal of Biology, 38:130-139.

Hu Z. B., and Du M. (2006). Hairy root and its application in plant genetic engineering. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 48(2): 121-127.

Hudzieczek V., Cegan R., Cermak T., Bacovska N., Machalkova Z., Dolezal K. (2018). Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of a dioecious plant model Silene latifolia. New Biotechnology, 42: 1-9.

Innocenti M., Gallori S., Giaccherini C., Ieri F., Vincieri F. F., and Mulinacci N. (2005). Evaluation of the phenolic content in the aerial parts of different varieties of Cichorium intybus L. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53: 6497-6502.

Jaiswal R., Kiprotich J., and Kuhnert N. (2011). Determination of the hydroxycinnamate profile of 12 members of the Asteraceae family. Journal Phytochemistry, 72: 781-790.

Kabirnotaj S., Zolalla J., Nematzadeh G., and SHokri E. (2013). Optimization of hairy root culture establishment in Chicory plants (Cichorium intybus) through inoculation by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Journal of Agriculture Biotechnology. 4(2): 61-75.

Kim S. I., Veena A., and Gelvin S. B. (2007). Genome-wide analysis of Agrobacterium T-DNA integration sites in the Arabidopsis genome generated under non-selective conditions. Plant Journal,51: 779-791.

Kirchert S., and Morlock G. E. (2018). Simultaneous determination of mono-, di-, oligo- and polysaccharides via planar chromatography in 4 different prebiotic foods and 60 naturally degraded inulin samples. Journal of Chromatography A, 114: 1-10.

Krizek D. T., Mirecki R. M., and Britz S. J. (1998). Inhibitory effects of ambient levels of solar UV-A and UV-B radiation on growth of cv. New Red Fire lettuce. Journal of Plant Physiology, 103: 1-7.

Laurent S., Forge D., Port M., Roch A., Robic C., Vander Elst L., and Muller R. N. (2010). Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, stabilization, vectorization, physicochemical characterizations, and biological applications. Chemical Reviews, 110: 2574–2574.

Liu Q., Liu F., Zhang L., Niu Y., Liu Z., and Liu X. (2017). Comparison of chicoric acid, and its metabolites caffeic acid and caftaric acid: In vitro protection of biological macromolecules and inflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells. Food Science and Human Wellness, 6(4): 155-166.

Moharrami F, Hosseini B, Sharafi A, and Farjaminezhad M. (2017). Enhanced production of hyoscyamine and scopolamine from genetically transformed root culture of Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. elicited by iron oxide nanoparticles. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology - Plant, 53(2):104-111.

Nagella P., Thiruvengadam M., Jung S. J., Murthy H. N., and Chung I.M. (2013). Establishment of Gymnema sylvestre hairy root cultures for the production of gymnemic acid. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 35: 3067-3073.

Oloumi H., Soltaninejad R., and Baghizadeh A. (2015). The comparative effects of nano and bulk size particles of CuO and ZnO on glycyrrhizin and phenolic compounds contents in Glycyrrhiza glabra L.seedlings. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 20(2): 1-4.

Ono N. N., and Tain L. (2011). The multiplicity of hairy root cultures: prolific possibilities. Plant Science, 180:439-446.

Rehman A., Ullah N., Ullah H., and Ahmad I. (2014). Antibacterial and antifungal study of Cichorium intybus. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 4(2): 943-945.

Ricigliano V., Kumar S., Kinison S., Brooks C., Nybo E., and Chappell J. (2014). Regulation of sesquiterpenoid metabolism in recombinant and elicited Valeriana officinalis hairy roots. Phytochemistry, 125: 43-53.

Saeed M., El-Hack M., Alagawany M., Arain M. A., Arif M., and Mirza M. A. (2017). Chicory (Cichorium intybus) Herb: Chemical Composition, Pharmacology, Nutritional and Healthical Applications. International Journal of Pharmacology, 13(4): 351-360.

Saggu S., Sakeran M. I., Zidan N., Tousson E., Mohan A., and Rehman H. (2014). Ameliorating effect of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) fruit extract against 4-term-octylphenol induced liver injury and oxidative stress in male rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 72: 138-146.

Shakeran Z, Keyhanfar M, Asghari G, and Ghanadian M. (2015). Improvement of atropine production by different biotic and abiotic elicitors in hairy root cultures of Datura metel. Turkish Journal of Biology, 39:111-118.

Sharafi A., Hashemi Sohi H., Azadi P., and Sharafi A. A. (2014). Hairy root induction and plant regeneration of medicinal plant Dracocephalum kotschyi. Journal of Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 26: 1-6.

Sharafi A., Hashemi S. H., Mousavi A., Azadi P., Razavi K., and Ntui V. O. (2013). A reliable and efficient protocol for inducing hairy roots in Papaver bracteatum. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 113: 1-9.

Singh R., Kamal S., Rani D., Mukhopadhyay K., and Banerjee M. (2014). Development of hairy root culture system of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 1(3): 107-112.

Singleton V. L., and Rossi J. A. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16: 144-158.

Suresh B., sherkhane P. D., Kale S., and Ravishankar G. A. (2005). Uptake and degradation of DDT by hairy root cultures of Cichorium intybus and Brassica juncea. Journal of Chemosphere. 61, 1288-1292.

Tiwari J. N., Tiwari R. N., and Kim K. S. (2012). Zero-dimensional, onedimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional nanostructured materials for advanced electrochemical energy devices. Progress in Materials Science, 57: 724-803.

Valimehr S., Sanjarian F., Sohi H. H., Sabouni F., and Sharafi A. (2014). A reliable and efficient protocol for inducing genetically transformed roots in medicinal plant Nepeta pogonosperma. Journal of Physiology Molecular Biology of Plants, 20: 351-356.

Velayutham P., Ranjithakumari B. D., and Baskaran P. (2006). An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system for Cichorium intybus L.an important medicinal plant. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 2(2): 287-298.