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Efficiency of resistance genes in wheat to powdery mildew in some centers of disease incidence in Iran | ||
| Iranian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 8، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 15، تیر 2019، صفحه 22-35 اصل مقاله (653.01 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30479/ijgpb.2019.10100.1229 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Mehdi Zahravi* 1؛ Mohammad Dehghan2؛ Hosein Ali Fallahi3؛ Hosein Azimi4 | ||
| 1Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P. O. Box: 31359-33151, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Golestan, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Golestan, Iran. | ||
| 3Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Mazandaran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mazandaran, Iran. | ||
| 4Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 28 اسفند 1397، تاریخ بازنگری: 05 خرداد 1398، تاریخ پذیرش: 22 تیر 1398 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Wheat powdery mildew caused by fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici is a destructive wheat disease, occurring in regions with cool and humid climates. In order to investigate the changes in pathogenicity of the disease and to identify the effective genetic source of resistance, a total of 29 wheat genotypes with different resistance major genes (Pm) were studied in two hotspots of Gorgan and Sari under natural incidence of the disease over 2015-2018. Resistance reaction of the genotypes was evaluated by disease development, disease severity and coefficient of infection. The results indicated that mean of coefficient of infection for Gorgan was larger than that for Sari in all three years of the study. The reaction of some genotypes showed apparent differences between the two regions during the years of study. The highest genetic distance was observed between Ralle (Pm3d) and Holger (Pm6). NK-747 (Pm6) and Maris Huntsman (Pm2+Pm6) as well as Amigo (Pm17) and Maris Huntsman (Pm2+Pm6) showed the highest genetic similarities to each other. A total of 65.78% of the data variation was justified by principal component analysis on the basis of the coefficient of infection. The genotypes Maris Dove (Mld+Pm2), Shamrock (with unknown Pm), Broom (Pm3d) and Axona (Pm2+Pm3d+Mld) expressed effective resistance over the years and locations. The total results of this research indicated variations in the virulence of wheat powdery mildew population during the years of the experiment. This finding emphasizes on the necessity of constant monitoring of the disease in the infected areas. The genes with effective resistance identified in this study could be used in resistance breeding to powdery mildew especially for Gorgan and Sari. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici؛ Differential cultivars؛ Pathogen population؛ Resistance؛ Virulence | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| اثربخشی ژنهای مقاومت به بیماری سفیدک پودری گندم در برخی از کانونهای آلودگی ایران | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| مهدی زهراوی1؛ محمد علی دهقان2؛ حسین علی فلاحی3؛ حسین عظیمی4 | ||
| 1مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران، کدپستی: 33151-31359. | ||
| 2مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گلستان، ایران. | ||
| 3مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مازندران، ایران. | ||
| 4مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| سفیدک پودری گندم ایجاد شده از قارچ Blumeriagraminis f.sp. tritici، یکی از زیانبارترین بیماریهای گندم در نواحی با آب و هوای خنک و مرطوب است. برای بررسی تغییرات بیماریزایی و شناسایی منابع ژنتیکی با مقاومت مؤثر در برابر این بیماری، مجموعهای از ژنوتیپهای گندم با ژنهای مقاومت اصلی (Pm) متفاوت، در دو کانون آلودگی گرگان و ساری تحت شرایط طبیعی آلودگی طی سالهای 1394-1397 بررسی و ارزیابی شد. واکنش مقاومت ژنوتیپها با استفاده از صفات توسعه بیماری، شدت بیماری و ضریب آلودگی اندازهگیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین ضریب آلودگی ژنوتیپها در هر سه سال آزمایش در گرگان، بزرگتر از ساری بود. تفاوت آشکاری بین واکنش برخی ژنوتیپها در دو ناحیه طی سالهای آزمایش مشاهده شد. بیشترین فاصلة ژنتیکی بین دو ژنوتیپ Ralle Pm3d و Holger Pm6 وجود داشت. ژنوتیپهای NK-747 Pm6 و Maris Huntsman Pm2+Pm6 همچنین Amigo Pm17 و Maris Huntsman دارای بیشترین شباهت ژنتیکی بودند. نتایج تجزیه به مؤلفههای اصلی نشان داد که 78/65 درصد تنوع موجود براساس ضریب تغییرات، به کمک دو مؤلفة اصلی اول قابل توجیه است. ژنوتیپهای Maris Dove (Mld+Pm2)، Shamrock (با Pm ژن ناشناخته)، Broom Pm3d و Axona Pm2+Pm3d+Mld طی سالهای آزمایش در مناطق آلودگی مورد مطالعه، مقاومت مؤثر نشان دادند. نتایج کلی این تحقیق حاکی از وجود تغییرات بیماریزایی در جمعیت سفیدک پودری گندم طی سالهای آزمایش بود که بر ضرورت پایش مستمر بیماری در نواحی آلودگی تأکید داشت. ژنهای دارای مقاومت مؤثر شناسایی شده در این تحقیق در برنامههای اصلاحی مقاومت خصوصاً برای مناطق گرگان و ساری قابل استفاده هستند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Blumeriagraminis f.sp. tritici, بیماریزایی, مقاومت, جمعیت بیمارگر, ارقام افتراقی | ||
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