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Impact of mycorrhizal fungi and water stress on oil and protein harvest index in sesame | ||
| Iranian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 8، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 16، مرداد 2019، صفحه 9-20 اصل مقاله (653.13 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30479/ijgpb.2020.11678.1248 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Esmaeil Gholinezhad* 1؛ Reza Darvishzadeh2 | ||
| 1Department of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, P. O. Box: 57169-68571, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 08 مهر 1398، تاریخ بازنگری: 14 دی 1398، تاریخ پذیرش: 14 دی 1398 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Drought stress is one of the most important environmental stresses affecting plant growth, yield and crop production around the world. It is believed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are used for protecting plants against drought damage.Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in recent years to cope with water stress in many plants. In this study, the relationship between water deficit stress and mycorrhizal fungi were analyzed with mycorrhizal dependence index and chlorophyll stability in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications in the research field of Agricultural Research Center, West-Azerbaijan during years 2015 and 2016. The main factors consisted of normal irrigation, moderate and severe water stress and subplots included two different species of mycorrhizal fungi namely, Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices. A non-inoculated plant served as the control. Mean comparison based on 2-years data showed that with increasing severity of water stress, biological water use efficiency (WUBE), oil harvest index (OHI) and protein harvest index (PHI) decreased. Using two kinds of mycorrhizal fungi F. mosseae, R. intraradices compared to non-inoculated, caused an increase in WUBE and PHI about 28 and 20% and 6 and 2%, respectively. Also in three different irrigation conditions, the effect of F. mosseae and R. intraradices was similar on chlorophyll b stability index (CSIb). The maximum and minimum WUBE (0.96 and 0.43 kg/m3), OHI (17.61 and 10.03%) and PHI (9.36 and 5.80%) were obtained under optimal irrigation and severe drought stress conditions, respectively. The maximum (34.69%) and minimum (20.26%) of mycorrhizal dependence index based on biological yield (MDIBY) were observed under severe drought stress and optimal irrigation conditions, respectively. Therefore, inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi (measured by MDIGY and MDIBY) under drought stress caused an increase in the chlorophyll (measured by TCSI). Increasing the chlorophyll led to an enhancement in the photosynthesis and promoted WUEE and WUBE. Improvement of the WUEE and WUBE caused an increase in oil and protein (measured by OHI and PHI). In severe and moderate water stresses mycorrhizal dependence index based on grain yield (MDIGY) and MDIBY increased compared to optimal irrigation. It can be concluded that for achieving high WUEE, WUBE, OHI and PHI, TCSI and as a result tolerance to the water stress can be increased. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Biological water use efficiency؛ Oil harvest index؛ Mycorrhiza؛ Sesame؛ Total chlorophyll؛ Water Stress | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| تاثیر قارچ‌های میکوریزا و تنش آبی روی شاخص برداشت روغن و پروتئین کنجد | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| اسماعیل قلی نژاد1؛ رضا درویش زاده2 | ||
| 1گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران، کدپستی: 57169-68571. | ||
| 2گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| در این مطالعه، روابط بین تنش آبی و قارچ میکوریزا در کنجد با شاخص وابستگی میکوریزایی و پایداری کلروفیل با استفاده از طرح کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی (ایستگاه ساعتلو) در فصل زراعی 1395-1394 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. فاکتور اصلی شامل آبیاری مطلوب، تنش ملایم و تنش شدید، فاکتور فرعی شامل دو گونه قارچ میکوریزا به نام‌های Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices بود که به صورت جداگانه مصرف شدند و گیاهان بدون تلقیح به عنوان شاهد مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. مقایسه میانگین بر اساس داده‌های دو ساله نشان داد با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی، کارآیی بیولوژیکی مصرف آب، شاخص برداشت روغن و پروتئین کاهش یافت. استفاده از دو گونه قارچ میکوریزا F. mosseae and R. intraradicesدر مقایسه با عدم تلقیح، کارآیی بیولوژیکی مصرف آب و شاخص برداشت پروتئین را به ترتیب (28 و 20 درصد) و (6 و 2 درصد) افزایش داد. همچنین در هر سه شرایط مختلف آبیاری، تاثیر دو گونه قارچ روی شاخص پایداری کلروفیل b مشابه بود. بنابراین تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا (بوسیله دو شاخص وابستگی میکوریزایی بر اساس عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک اندازه گیری شد) تحت شرایط تنش خشکی، سبب بهبود کلروفیل کل شد (با شاخص پایداری کلروفیل سنجیده شد). افزایش کلروفیل سبب افزایش فتوسنتز گردید و کارآیی اقتصادی و بیولوژیکی مصرف آب را افزایش داد و سبب افزایش روغن و پروتئین گردید (بر اساس شاخص برداشت روغن و پروتئین اندازه گیری شدند). در تنش ملایم و شدید خشکی در مقایسه با شرایط آبیاری مطلوب، شاخص وابستگی میکوریزایی بر اساس عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک افزایش یافت. بنابراین می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که برای دست‌یابی به کارآیی اقتصادی و بیولوژیکی مصرف آب بالا، می‌توان شاخص پایداری کلروفیل را افزایش داد و آن را به تحمل بالا به تنش آبی مربوط دانست. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| شاخص برداشت روغن, میکوریزا, کنجد, کلروفیل کل, تنش آبی, کارآیی بیولوژیکی مصرف آب | ||
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