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A Study on Motivations and Objectives of Leaders and Simple Fighters in ISIS, Difference or Similarity | ||
| مطالعات سیاسی جهان اسلام | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 8، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 31، آذر 1398، صفحه 83-96 اصل مقاله (988.96 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30479/psiw.2020.9104.2311 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| Majid Bozorgmehri* | ||
| Associate Professor. Imam Khomeini International University. Qazvin. Iran, | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 02 مرداد 1397، تاریخ بازنگری: 21 بهمن 1398، تاریخ پذیرش: 05 اسفند 1398 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Objective: The emergence of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) was something no one could have predicted prior to the 2003 US Invasion of Iraq. A combination of skilled former Iraqi military personnel, eschatologically savvy Islamic clerics, and an army of domestic and foreign fighters have created the ultimate terrorist pseudo-state. The huge number of domestic and foreign fighters joined to ISIS, leads us to the question about the general and personal objectives and motivations of warriors. Recognizing these motivations through a deep study is the main perspective of this article. What are the leaders’ motivations and what do shape those of the simple fighters? Are there any effective motivations beside of religious objectives? So could some social, psychological or economic factors be traced as the individual motivations? Answering to such questions helps us to find relatively the degree and the depth of political cohesion and social solidarity inside of ISIS. Methods: Relying on the explanatory analysis, our methodology is structured with a behaviorist approach. The official statements, declarations and testimonies as well as the discourses, confessions and interviews are considered as the main base of analysis and we try to chase our data from the first and secondary sources. Results& Conclusions: According to our early prediction which was inspired from cognitive theory, various factors alongside the psychological characters shape the mental justifications and the heart motivations of recruits. And here in our case of study, there are a strong similarity between the understanding and conceptions of leaders and followers. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ISIS؛ Islamic World؛ Motivations؛ Warriors؛ Syria؛ Iraq | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A Study on Motivations and Objectives of Leaders and Simple Fighters in ISIS, Difference or Similarity | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Majid Bozorgmehri | ||
| Associate Professor. Imam Khomeini International University. Qazvin. Iran, | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Objective: The emergence of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) was something no one could have predicted prior to the 2003 US Invasion of Iraq. A combination of skilled former Iraqi military personnel, eschatologically savvy Islamic clerics, and an army of domestic and foreign fighters have created the ultimate terrorist pseudo-state. The huge number of domestic and foreign fighters joined to ISIS, leads us to the question about the general and personal objectives and motivations of warriors. Recognizing these motivations through a deep study is the main perspective of this article. What are the leaders’ motivations and what do shape those of the simple fighters? Are there any effective motivations beside of religious objectives? So could some social, psychological or economic factors be traced as the individual motivations? Answering to such questions helps us to find relatively the degree and the depth of political cohesion and social solidarity inside of ISIS. Methods: Relying on the explanatory analysis, our methodology is structured with a behaviorist approach. The official statements, declarations and testimonies as well as the discourses, confessions and interviews are considered as the main base of analysis and we try to chase our data from the first and secondary sources. Results& Conclusions: According to our early prediction which was inspired from cognitive theory, various factors alongside the psychological characters shape the mental justifications and the heart motivations of recruits. And here in our case of study, there are a strong similarity between the understanding and conceptions of leaders and followers. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| ISIS, Islamic World, Motivations, Warriors, Syria, Iraq | ||
| مراجع | ||
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1.Abu Mohammad. (2005).English Translation of Ayman al-Zawahiri's letter to Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. Abu Muhammad . Saturday, 02 Jumada al-Thani, 1426 - 09 July, 2005. 3.Bakker. Edwin and Roel de Bont. (2016). “Belgian and Dutch Jihadist Foreign Fighters (2012–2015): Characteristics, Motivations, and Roles in the War in Syria and Iraq” Small Wars & Insurgencies. Volume 27, 2016 - Issue 5: Jihadist Insurgent Movements.4.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09592318.2016.1209806.5.https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2016.1209806. 6.Beauchamp, Zack (2 September 2014). "17 things about ISIS and Iraq you need to know". Vox. Retrieved 5 September 2014. 7.Brian A. Jackson, David R. Frelinger. (2009). “Understanding Why Terrorist Operations Succeed or Fail”. HOMELAND SECURITY. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataISBN 978-0-8330-4767-0. HOMELAND SECURITY PROGRAM. Project suppor ted by a RAND Investment in People and Ideas. (2009). 8.Bunzel. Cole. (2015). “From Paper State to Caliphate: The Ideology of the Islamic State”. The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World. Analysis Paper | No. 19, March 2015. Dabiq. The R e t u r n o f Khilafah. 1 Issue. 1 Ramada.1435. 9.Johnson, M. Alex (3 September 2014). 'Deviant and Pathological': What Do ISIS Extremists Really Want?". NBC News. Retrieved 5 September 2014. 10. Ghossain Zaiter. Mouna. (2015). “The Religious and Political History of ISIS and its Goals”. The CESNUR 2015 Conference, Tallinn. 11. Howard. Jacqueline. (2017). “What motivates ISIS fighters -- and thosewho fight against them”CNNUpdated 3:48 PM ET, Mon September 4, 2017(CNN)https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/04/health/isis-fighters-human-behavior-study/index.html. 12. Hudson. Rex.A (1999) “The Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism:Who Becomes A Terrorist and Why?”A Report Prepared under an Interagency Agreement by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. September 1999. Editor: Marilyn Majeska. Federal Research Division. Washington, D.C. 20540–4840. 13. Korbl. Wayne. (2017), “Terrorism: Motivation and Theory” The Journal of Public and Professional Sociology Volume 9 | Issue 2 Article 1. August 2017. Unversity of West Georgia. .Available at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/jpps/vol9/iss2/1. 14. Musharbash. Yassin. (2016). “Abu Susu's Blog Observations on Politics, Revolutions & Terrorism”. Powered by Blogger. 15. http://abususu.blogspot.com/2016/04/an-analysis-of-3000-islamic-state-entry.html. 16. Revkin.Mara.(2016). “The legal foundations of the Islamic State” The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World. Analysis Paper | No. 23, July 2016. 17. Siebert. Johannes and Detlof von Winterfeldt, Richard S. John. (August 22, 2015) “ Identifying and Structuring the Objectives of the “Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant” (ISIL) and its Followers”Department of Psychology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, 3620 South McClintock Ave., SGM 501, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1061, USA, richardj@usc.edu. 18. Tucker. Colin. (2014) “The Islamic State Origins, Goals, and Future Implications!”The Eurasia Center. July 13, 2014. 19. Tucker. Patrick. (2015). GLOBAL “Why Join ISIS? How Fighters Respond When You Ask Them” DEC 9, 2015. 20. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/12/why-people-join-isis/419685/ 21. Victorff. Jeff. (2005). “The Mind of the Terrorist. A Review and Critique of Psychological Approaches” Department of Neurology and Psychiatry University of Southern California School of Medicine. JOURNAL OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION, Vol. 49 No. 1, February 2005 3-42. DOI: 10.1177/0022002704272040 2005 Sage Publications 22. UNOCT. (2017). el-Said .Hamed and Richard Barrett. 2017. “Enhancing the Understanding of the Foreign Terrorist Fighters Phenomenon in Syria”. United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism. July 2017. http://www.un.org/en/counterterrorism/assets/img/Report_Final_20170727.pdf | ||
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