Deep State in Egypt: From Revolution to Dictatorship

1.Abou El Fadl, Khaled M. (2013), “The Perils of a ‘People’s Coup”, New York Times, July 7, 2013, at http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/08/opinion/the-perils-ofapeoples-coup.html?ref= global (retrieved in Jun 21, 2019).

2.Arnaudo, Daniel and Alva, Aaron and Wood, Phillip and Whittington, Jan (2013), Political and Economic Implications of Authoritarian Control of the Internet, in: Butts J., Shenoi S. (eds), Critical Infrastructure Protection VII. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol 417. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

3.Bano, Masooda (2018), At the tipping point? Al-Azhar’s growing crisis of moral authority, Inter-national Journal of Middle East Studies, 50(2018), 715-734.

4.Brownlee, Jason (2013), “Violence against Copts in Egypt”, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, available at:

https://carnegieendowment.org/2013/11/14/violence-against-copts-in-egypt-pub-53606 (retrieved in Jun 19, 2019).

5.Clevers, Marijn and Nimeh, Zina (2015), “Pharaohs of the deep state: Social capital in an obstinate regime”, United Nations University, available at: https://www.merit. unu.edu/publications/wppdf /2015/wp2015-056.pdf (retrieved in Jun 17, 2019).

6.Egypt Today (2017), “Billionaire Hussein Salem acquitted of money laundering charges”, Egypt Today, available at: https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/18809/ Billionaire-Hussein-Salem-acquitted-of-money-laundering-charges(retrieved in Jun 16, 2019).

7.El-Sherif, Ashraf (2014), “The Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood's Failures”, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, available at: https://carnegieendowment.org/files/ muslim_brotherhood _failures.pdf (retrieved in Jun 19, 2019).

8. Forster, Robert (2017), “Egypt Case Study”, Conference Paper, available at: 

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327183514_Egypt_Case_Study (retrieved in Jun 19, 2019).

9.Giddens, Anthony (1985), The Constitution of Society, Cambridge: Polity 1985, The Nation State and Violence, Cambridge: Polity.

10.  Gingeras, Ryan (2019), “How the Deep State Came to America: A History”, War On The Rocks, available at:

 https://warontherocks.com/2019/02/how-the-deep-state-came-to-america-a-history/ (retrieved in Jun 17, 2019).

11.  Hawthorne, Amy and Miller, Andrew (2019), “Worse Than Mubarak: Abdel Fattah al-Sisi is bringing a new form of totalitarianism to Egypt”, Foreign Policy, available at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/02/27/worse-than-mubarak/ (retrieved in Jun 16, 2019).

12.  Hobson, John (2000), The state and International relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

13.  Human Right Watch (2016), “Egypt: 7,400 Civilians Tried in Military Courts: Torture, Disappearances Used to Elicit Confessions”, Human Rights Watch, available at https://www.hrw.org/news/2016 /04/13/egypt-7400-civilians-tried-military-courts (retrieved in Jun 19, 2019).

14.  Karasapan, Omer and Shah, Sajjad (2018), “Egypt’s population: Boom then bust?”, The Brookings Institution, available at:

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2018/05/22/egypts-population-boom-then-bust/ (retrieved in Jun 17, 2019).

15.  Kaya, Serdar (2009), The Rise and Decline of the Turkish "Deep State": The Ergenekon Case, Insight Turkey, 11(4), 99-113.

16.  Kirkpatrick David (2012), “Islamists Win 70% of Seats in the Egyptian Parliament”, nytimes, available at:

 https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/22/world/middleeast/muslim-brotherhood-wins-47-of-egypt-assembly-seats.html (retrieved in Jun 19, 2019).

17.  Lord, Janet E. and Stein Michael A. (2018), Pursuing Inclusive Higher Education in Egypt and Beyond through the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Social Inclusion, 6(4), 230-40.

18.  Mann, Michael (1988), States, War and Capitalism, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

19.  Mann, Michael (1993), The Sources of Social Power, vol. 2, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

20.  Meyer-Resende, Michael (2014), “Egypt: In-depth analysis of the main elements of the new constitution”, The European Parliament, available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu /RegData/etudes/note/join/2014/433846/EXPO-AFET_NT(2014)433846_EN.pdf (retrieved in Jun 19, 2019

21.  Pierce, Anne R. (2013), US “Partnership” with the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood and its Effect on Civil Society and Human Rights, Society, 51(1), 68-86.

22.  Reuters (2018), “From war room to boardroom. Military firms flourish in Sisi’s Egypt”, Thomson Reuters Corporation, available at:

https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/egypt-economy-military/ (retrieved in Jun 16, 2019).

23.  Roll, Stephan (2015), Managing change: how Egypt’s military leadership shaped the transformation, Mediterranean Politics, 21(1), 23-43

24.  Hamid, Shadi (2017), “On Trump and the American deep state”, The Brookings Institution, available at: t: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/.../5on45_20170321_hamid-on-deep-state.pdf (retrieved in Jun 16, 2019).

25.  Söyler, Mehtap (2015), The Turkish Deep State: State Consolidation, Civil-Military Relations and Democracy, New York, Routledge.

26.  Springborg, Robert (2018), Deep States in MENA, Middle East Policy, 25(1), 136-157.

27.  Springborg, Robert (2017), The rewards of failure: persisting military rule in Egypt, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 44(4), 478-496.

28.  Tharoor, Ishaan (2017), “What an Actual ‘Deep State’ Looks Like”, The Washington Post, available at:

 https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/03/07/what-an-actual-deep-state-looks-like/?utm_term=.87e733aae083  (retrieved in Jun 17, 2019).

29.  Transparency International (2018), “The Officers’ Republic: The Egyptian Military and the Abuse of Power”, Transparency International Defence & Security, available at: https://ti-defence.org/wp-content/.../03/The_Officers_Republic_TIDS_March18.pdf (retrieved in Jun 16, 2019).

30.  Völkel, Jan C. (2017), Sidelined by design: Egypt’s parliament in transition, The Journal of North African Studies, 22(4), 595-6.