اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 19 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 380 |
| تعداد مقالات | 3,121 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 4,250,766 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 2,844,957 |
بررسی تاثیر چیدمان بلوک های مسکونی و مصالح سطوح شهری بر دستیابی به تابش خورشیدی ساختمان ها در اقلیم سرد و معتدل شهرکرمانشاه | ||
| نشریه علمی اندیشه معماری | ||
| مقاله 13، دوره 5، شماره 10، مهر 1400، صفحه 202-217 اصل مقاله (1.75 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30479/at.2020.13150.1496 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| الهام شکری* 1؛ نازنین نصراللهی2 | ||
| 1کارشناسی ارشد انرژی معماری، دانشگاه ایلام، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه انرژی معماری، دانشکده فنی مهندسی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایران | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 03 اردیبهشت 1399، تاریخ بازنگری: 29 آذر 1399، تاریخ پذیرش: 06 دی 1399 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیان مساله: نور خورشید بر اساس شرایط جوی و موقعیت ساختمان ها دائما در حال تغییر است. شرایط بیرونی محیط اطراف نیز بر میزان ورود نور خورشید به داخل ساختمان ها تاثیرگذار است. از طرفی نماهای شهری می توانند به عنوان رابطی بین معماری و شهر باشند. از طرفی همچنین بازتاب پذیری جداره‌ها، سطوح شهری، هندسه و موقعیت همسایگی‌ها می تواند به طور قابل‌توجهی بر توزیع نور روز داخل ساختمان‌ها و میزان روشنایی رسیده به سطوح بیرونی آن تاثیر گذار باشند. بنابراین برای بهبود دستیابی تابش خورشیدی در بلوک‌های شهری باید عناصر تاثیر گذار در این زمینه نیز به‌دقت مورد بررسی قرار گیرند. بنابراین بررسی این عوامل نیز جهت افزایش استفاده از نور روزانه خورشید، کاهش مصرف انرژی در ساختمان ها و محیط های شهری امری لازم و قابل پژوهش می باشد. سوال تحقیق: این پژوهش به دنبال پاسخ به این سوال است که آیا بازتاب پذیری مصالح سطوح عمودی و افقی، چیدمان و ارتفاع بلوک های مسکونی به عنوان متغیر مستقل در میزان دستیابی به شدت روشنایی مورد نیاز، به عنوان یک متغیر وابسته تاثیرگذار می باشد یا خیر. اهداف تحقیق: مقاله حاضر نیز با توجه به خلاهای علمی موجود، به بررسی هندسه شهری (ارتفاع و فاصله بین ساختمان ها)، بازتاب پذیری مصالح نماها و سطوح شهری در اقلیم سرد و معتدل ایران پرداخته است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تاثیر عوامل مذکور بر میزان دستیابی تابش خورشیدی در یک مجموعه بلوک مسکونی شهر کرمانشاه انجام شده است. روش تحقیق: این مطالعه از روش اندازه گیری میدانی توسط دستگاه نورسنج (لوکس متر) و شبیه سازی رایانه ای (نرم افزار ریلوکس(Relux)) در روند پژوهش بهره برده است. مهم ترین یافته ها و نتیجه گیری تحقیق: در نهایت نتایج تحقیق نشان داده است؛ استفاده از مصالح آجر در سطوح عمودی (نمای ساختمان ها) و سنگ در سطوح افقی شهری (کف سازی ها) می تواند میزان روشنایی رسیده به نماهای شهری و داخل ساختمان ها را تا30 درصد افزایش دهد. همچنین چیدمان مورب و با فاصله بلوک های شهری نیز در توزیع مناسب روشنایی جداره نقش موثری داشته است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تابش خورشیدی؛ نما ساختمان؛ فاصله و ارتفاع بلوک های شهری؛ بازتاب پذیری مصالح؛ نرم افزار ریلوکس | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the effect of residential blocks layout and urban surfaces materials on buildings solar radiation access in Cold and temperate climate of Kermanshah city | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Elham Shokry1؛ Nazanin Nasrollahi2 | ||
| 1Master in Architecture, Department of Architectural Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Ilam University, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Architectural Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Ilam University, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Research Problem: Sunlight is constantly changing depending on weather conditions and the location of buildings. Exterior conditions also affect the amount of sunlight entering buildings. Urban views can also be used as a link between architecture and the city. Therefore, in order to improve the availability of sunlight in urban blocks, the influential elements in this field must also be carefully examined. On the other hand, the reflection of walls and urban surfaces can significantly affect the distribution of daylight inside buildings. The reflection of the surrounding surfaces, the geometry and the position of the neighbors affect the amount of light reaching the building. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate these factors in order to increase the use of daylight, reduce energy consumption in buildings and urban environments. Due to the existing scientific gaps, the present article examines the role of urban geometry (height and distance between buildings) and the reflectivity of urban surface materials in the cold and dry climate of Iran. In addition, solar radiation is an important component of climate and human comfort in indoor and outdoor environments. So that not paying attention to sunlight in open buildings and spaces can cause discomfort. In ancient architecture, one of the most important factors in urban design has been the attainment of sunlight, which has been evidenced by numerous evidences in the indigenous architecture around the world. The purpose of the design, in view of sunlight and energy, is to achieve more daylight into the building and sidewalks, resulting in visual comfort, health, vitality and increased efficiency in urban and indoor environments. Ignoring the solar rights of open buildings and spaces can also cause discomfort and inconvenience. In order to obtain the amount of daylight factor in indoor spaces, it is necessary to have the intensity of external lighting, which must be calculated to know the amount of external light received inside the building. Daylight can enter the building through window glass, skylights or other openings. In fact, the effect of the arrangement and geometry of residential blocks has been analyzed as an independent variable in the degree of achieving the required brightness as a dependent variable. Research Question: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mentioned factors on the achievement of solar radiation in buildings and urban areas in a residential block complex. Therefore, in this study, the effect of reflectivity of the type of urban surface materials as an independent variable on the degree of achieving the required brightness as a dependent variable has been studied. Also, the effect of urban design parameters (street width and orientation) and building design (roof shape and building development design) on the amount of sunlight achieved in residential buildings has been studied. Research Method: This research has been done by field measurement method by light meter (lux meter) and computer simulation (Relux software). The Most Important Results and Conclusion: Finally, research has shown that the use of brick materials on vertical surfaces (building facades) and stone on horizontal surfaces (flooring) can increase the amount of light reaching urban and interior shells by up to 30%. Also, the diagonal arrangement with the distance of the urban blocks has played an effective role in the proper distribution of the wall lighting. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Solar Radiation, Building Facade, Urban Blocks Height and Distance, Material Reflection, Relux Software | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Bhavani, R. and Khan, M. (2011). Advanced Lighting Simulation Tools for Daylighting Purpose: Powerful Features and Related Issues. Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 6(4). https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=tasr.2011.345.363 Capeluto, I., and Shaviv, E. (2001). On the use of ‘solar volume ‘for determining the urban fabric. Solar Energy, 70(3). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223151367_On_the_use_of_%27solar_volume%27_for_determining_the_urban_fabric Carrasco-Hernandez, R., Smedley, A.R., and A.R. (2015). Using urban canyon geometries obtained from Google Street View for atmospheric studies: Potential applications in the calculation of street level total shortwave irradiances. Energy and Buildings, 86. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268159605_Using_urban_canyon_geometries_obtained_from_Google_Street_View_for_atmospheric_studies_Potential_applications_in_the_calculation_of_street_level_total_shortwave_irradiances Cetegen, D. J.A., and Newsham, G.R. (2008). View size and office luminance effects on employee satisfaction. Proceedings of Balkan Light. https://nrcpublications.canada.ca/eng/view/accepted/?id=624bb7cf-3e0e-4478-b193-2665fb491ae9 Dogan, T., C. Reinhart, and P. Michalatos. (2012). Urban daylight simulation calculating the daylit area of urban designs. Proceedings of SimBuild. http://ibpsausa.org/index.php/ibpusa/article/vi/2 Doulos, L. A., Tsangrassoulis., and Topalis., F. (2005). A critical review of simulation techniques for daylight responsive systems. in Proceedings of the European Conference on Dynamic Analysis, Simulation and Testing applied to the Energy and Environmental performance of Buildings DYNASTEE. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-CRITICAL-REVIEW-OF-SIMULATION-TECHNIQUES-FOR-Doulos-Tsangrassoulis/48bb4dc2a8c3dc1a190296e667815b8264cc5743 Fay, R., G. Treloar., and Iyer Raniga, U. (2010). Life-cycle energy analysis of buildings: a case study. Building Research & Information, 28(1). https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/096132100369073 Haapio, A. (2012). Towards sustainable urban communities. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 32(1). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257048731_Towards_sustainable_urban_communities Hachem, C. A., Athienitis, and P. Fazio. (2011). Investigation of solar potential of housing units in different neighborhood designs. Energy and Buildings, 43(9). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251589934_Investigation_of_solar_potential_of_housing_units_in_different_neighborhood_designs Kim, G., and Kim, J.T. (2010). Healthy-daylighting design for the living environment in apartments in Korea. Building and Environment, 45(2). https://coek.info/pdf-healthy-daylighting-design-for-the-living-environment-in apartments-in-korea-.html Kittler, R. (1967). Standardization of outdoor conditions for the calculation of daylight factor with clear skies. in Proc. the CIE International Conference on Sunlight in Buildings. https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10004232052/ Miguet, F., and Groleau., J.T. (2002). A daylight simulation tool for urban and architectural spaces—application to transmitted direct and diffuse light through glazing. Building and environment, 37(8). https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-daylight-simulation-tool-for-urban-and-to-directMiguetGroleau/5edd35b8cce8f44628303ef13635a5d4db9e1c6c Morello, E., and Ratti ,C. (2009). Sun scape. Solar envelopes’ and the analysis of urban DEMs. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 33(1). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220666533_SunScapes_%27Solar_envelopes%27_and_the_analysis_of_urban_DEMs Mukherjee, S. (2014). CIE standard general Sky type identification for Delhi during winter and summer. Journal of Optics, 43(3). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271914315_CIE_standard_general_Sky_type_identification_for_Delhi_during_winter_and_summer Nabil, A., and Mardaljevic., J. (2006). Useful daylight illuminances: A replacement for daylight factors. Energy and buildings, 38(7). https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/4434083/mod_resource/content/0/Useful%20daylight%20illuminances.%20A%20replacement%20for%20daylight%20factors.pdf Ralegaonkar, R.V., and Gupta., R. (2010). Review of intelligent building construction: A passive solar architecture approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(8). Sanaieian, H., et al. (2014). Review of the impact of urban block form on thermal performance, solar access and ventilation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 38. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263892375_Review_of_the_impact_of_urban_block_form_on_thermal_performance_solar_access_and_ventilation Schmal wieser, A.W, et al. (2010). UV exposition during typical lifestyle behavior in an urban environment. Photochemistry and photobiology, 86(3). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00714.x Shailesh, K R and Raikar. (2010). Tanuja Application of RELUX Software in Simulation and Analysis of Energy Efficient Lighting Scheme. International Journal of Computer Applications, 9 (7). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49587599_Application_of_RELUX_Software_in_Simulation_and_Analysis_of_Energy_Efficient_Lighting_Scheme Simm, S. and Coley, D. (2011). The relationship between wall reflectance and daylight factor in real rooms. Architectural Science Review, 54(4). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254213849_The_relationship_between_wall_reflectance_and_daylight_factor_in_real_rooms Van Esch, M., Looman, R, and de Bruin-Hordijk, G. (2012). The effects of urban and building design parameters on solar access to the urban canyon and the potential for direct passive solar heating strategies. Energy and Buildings, 47. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257227051_The_effects_of_urban_and_building_design_parameters_on_solar_access_to_the_urban_canyon_and_the_potential_for_direct_passive_solar_heating_strategies Yeganiantz, T. N. Silva, and Lima, E. (2013). Computer Simulation Applied to the Design of Urban Public Spaces: Day Lighting in the Squares, in Emerging Trends in Computing, Informatics, Systems Sciences, and Engineering. Springer. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-3558-7_81 Yu, X. Y. Su, and Chen, X. (2014). Application of RELUX simulation to investigate energy saving potential from daylighting in a new educational building in UK. Energy and Buildings, 74. https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/728024 Waldram, P. (1925). The natural and artificial lighting of buildings. The Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects, 32(13). https://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/12463/2/RTL-2.pdf | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,049 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 483 |
||