تعداد نشریات | 19 |
تعداد شمارهها | 380 |
تعداد مقالات | 3,131 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 4,251,627 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 2,845,984 |
تدوین مدل آیندهپژوهانه بازیابی، یادگیری و اقدام مجدد کارآفرینانه بر اساس واکاوی پژوهش های شکست کارآفرینان | ||
آینده پژوهی ایران | ||
دوره 5، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 8، شهریور 1399، صفحه 105-138 اصل مقاله (941.4 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30479/jfs.2020.12158.1136 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
علیرضا فریدونی* 1؛ مرتضی موسی خانی2؛ کمال سخدری3؛ محمد عطایی4 | ||
1مدعو دانشگاه بیتلمللی امام خمینی(ره) | ||
2گروه مدیریت دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قزوین ایران | ||
3دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران ایران | ||
4گروه مدیریت دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری دانشگاه آزاد واحد قزوین ایران | ||
تاریخ دریافت: 15 آذر 1398، تاریخ بازنگری: 10 آبان 1399، تاریخ پذیرش: 13 آذر 1399 | ||
چکیده | ||
هدف: کارآفرینانی که با شکست مواجه میشوند، عملکردهای متفاوتی دارند؛ برخی از غم و اندوه و عواقب آن رهایی یافته و اقدام مجدد کارآفرینانه میکنند، برخی دیگر در غم فرو رفته و مسیر دیگری را برمیگزینند. چه اتفاقی برای کارآفرینان، پس از شکست میافتد؟ در این پژوهش تلاش نمودهایم تا اتفاقاتی که کارآفرینان، پس از شکست تجربه میکنند را شناسایی و مدل بازیابی، یادگیری و اقدام مجدد را به منظور نگاشت آینده تدوین نماییم. روش: در این پژوهش از روش فراترکیب بهعنوان رویکردی نو در مطالعات کیفی، برای یکپارچهسازی مطالعات درخصوص شکست کسب و کاربه منظور ایجاد یافتههای جامع و تفسیری استفاده کردهایم. ابتدا آیندههای ممکن و محتمل پیش روی فرد کارآفرین دارای تجربه شکست را ارائه داده، سپس تصویر آینده مطلوب فرد کارآفرین را پس از شکست ترسیم و مدل آن را نگاشتهایم. یافتهها: چهار حوزه مرتبط با هم در حیات پس از شکست شامل عواقب، یادگیری، بازیابی و اقدام مجدد کارآفرینانه شناسایی و منجر به تدوین مدل حیات پس از شکست شد. یافتهها حاکی از اثرگذاری عوامل فردی و محیطی در سرعت بازیابی و کیفیت یادگیری است. نتیجهگیری: با توجه به نتایج تحقیق شایسته است آموزشهای لازم به کارآفرینان در مقاطع مختلف داده شود تا درک مفهوم شکست و شناخت آن بهعنوان رخدادی قابل پذیرش همراه کارآفرینی در ایشان تقویت شود. همچنین توسعه مهارتهای لازم فردی برای یادگیری از پدیدهها و بازیابی از رخدادها در دستور کار متولیان قرار گیرد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
شکست کارآفرینی؛ حیات پس از شکست؛ تصویرپردازی و شکلبخشی آینده؛ آیندهپژوهی؛ آینده مطلوب | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Developing a futuristic studies model for entrepreneurial recovery, learning, and re-emergence, based on entrepreneurs’ failure studies. | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Alireza Freidooni1؛ Morteza Mousakhani2؛ Kamal Sakhdari3؛ Mohamad Ataee4 | ||
1Imam Khomeini International University | ||
2Management department, management and accountant Faculty, QIAU, Qazvin, Iran, | ||
3Entrepreneurship Management faculty, Tehran University,Tehran, Iran | ||
4Management department,Management and Accountant faculty, QIAU, Qazvin, Iran, | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Purpose: Entrepreneurs who fail have different functions. Some grieve and its aftermath is liberated and entrepreneurial re- emergence, others plunge into their grief and choose another path. What happens to these entrepreneurs after they fail? Why some of them can recover and some cannot? This study attempts to refine the studies and develop a deep understanding of what entrepreneurs experience after failure and analyze the post-failure model for future mapping. Method: In this research, we used a meta-synthesis as a new approach in qualitative studies in order to integrate studies on business failure to generate comprehensive and interpretive findings. First, we present the possible and probable future prospects for the entrepreneur after experiencing failure. Then, the desired future image of the entrepreneur after the failure is drawn and its model is written. Findings: Four related areas in post-failure life including consequences, learning, recovery and entrepreneurial re-emergence were identified and led to the development of a post-failure life model. Findings indicate the influence of individual and environmental factors on the celerity of recovery and quality of learning. Conclusion: According to the research results, it is necessary to provide the obligatory training for entrepreneurs in different periods to strengthen the sense-making of the concept of failure and its recognition as an acceptable event with entrepreneurship, as well as the development of necessary individual skills to learn about phenomena and recover from events should be on the agenda of trustees. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Entrepreneurial Failure, Life after Failure, Future Imaging and Shaping, Futures Studies, Desirable Future | ||
مراجع | ||
1. آراستی، زهرا و غلامی، منیره. (1389). «علل شکست کارآفرینان در ایران»، توسعه کارآفرینی. (8) 163 - 184. 2. کمالی، یحیی. (1396). «روششناسی فراترکیب و کاربرد آن در سیاستگذاری عمومی». فصلنامه سیاست. 47 (3). 721 ـ 736. 3. کمیجانی، علی و همکاران. (1398). «سیمای حکمرانی مطلوب در آیندهپژوهی: از تصویرپردازی تا شکلبخشی آینده». دوفصلنامه آیندهپژوهی ایران. 4(1). 207 ـ 235. 4. محمدی الیاسی، قنبر و نوتاش، هادی. (1390). « شناسایی ریشههای شکست کارآفرینان کارکشته ایرانی». توسعه کارآفرینی. (13). 31 - 50. 5. موسوی، سید مرتضی و همکاران. (1398). «ارائه مدلی برای پیش بینی آینده صنعت بانکداری ایران برپایه مدیریت ریسک: رویکرد مدل یابی ساختاری ». دوفصلنامه آیندهپژوهی ایران. 4 (1). 289 ـ 312 References 1. Appelbaum, S. H., and Goransson, L. (1997), Transformational and adaptive learning within the learning organisation: A framework for research and application, The Learning Organisation, 4(3), 115-128. 2. Arasti, Zahra; Gholami, Monira, (2010), Causes of Entrepreneurship Failure in Iran, Entrepreneurship Development . Summer 2010 – (8) (Scientific-Research) from 163 to 184.(in Persian) 3. Archer, J. (1999). The nature of grief: The evolution and psychology of reactions to loss. New York: Routledge. 4. Argyris, C., Schön, D.A., (1978). Organisational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, MA. 5. Armour, J., & Cumming, D. (2008). Bankruptcy law and entrepreneurship. American Law and Economics Review, (10): 303-350. 6. Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, (50): 248-287. 7. Baron, R. A., & Ensley, M. D. (2006). Opportunity recognition as the detection of meaningful patterns: Evidence from comparison of novice and experienced entrepreneurs. Management Science, (52): 1331-1344. 8. Baumard, P., Starbuck, W.H., (2005). Learning from failures: why it may not happen. Long Range Planning 38 (3), 281–298. 9. Bonanno, G. A., & Keltner, D. (1997). Facial expression of emotion and the course of conjugal bereavement. Joumal of Abnormal Psychology. 106: 126-137. 10. Boso, Nathaniel. Adeleyeb, Ifedapo. Donbesuurc, Francis. Gyensared, Michael, (2018),Do entrepreneurs always benefit from business failure experience?Journal of Business Research. 11. Bruno, A. V., Mcquarrie, E. F., & Torgrimson, C. G. (1992). The evolution of new technology ventures over 20 years: Patterns of failure, merger and survival. Journal of Business Venturing, 7(1), 291-302. 12. Brunstein, J. C., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (1996). Effects of failure on subsequent performance: The importance of selfdefining goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (70): 395-407. 13. Cannon, M.D. and Edmundson, A.M. (2001), Confronting failure: Antecedents and consequences of shared beliefs about failure in organizational work groups, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(2), 161-177. 14. Cardon, M. S., Stevens, C. E., & Potter, D. R. (2011). Misfortunes or mistakes? Cultural sensemaking of entrepreneurial failure. Journal of Business Venturing, (26): 79-92. 15. Cardon, M., & McGrath, R. G. (1999). When the going gets tough Toward a psychology of entrepreneurial failure and re-motivation. Paper presented at the Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research Conference, Babson College, Wellesley, MA. 16. Carree, M., & Thurik, R. (2010). The impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth. In Z. J. Acs & D. B. Audretsch (Eds.), Handbook of entrepreneurship research: 557-594. New York: Springer 17. Carter, R., & Auken, H. V. (2006). Small firm bankruptcy. Journal of Small Business Management, 44(4), 493-512. 18. Cave, F., Eccles, S. and Rundle, M. (2001), “Attitudes towards entrepreneurial failure: A learning experience or an indelible stigma?” Proceedings of the 2001 Babson College-Kauffman Foundation Entrepreneurship Research Conference, Jonnkoping, Sweden, May. Clinical Psychology, 58(3): 307-321. 19. Coelho, P.R.P. and McClure, J.E., (2005), Learning from failure, Mid-American Journal of Business, 20(1), 13-20. 20. Cope J., (2011), Entrepreneurial learning from failure: An interpretative phenomenological analysis, Journal of Business Venturing, (26), 604-623. 21. Cope, J., (2005). Toward a dynamic learning perspective of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice 29 (4), 373–398. 22. Cope, J., Cave, F., & Eccles, S. (2004). Attitudes of venture capital investors towards entrepreneurs with previous business failure. Venture Capital, (6): 147-172. 23. Cosenza, Federico, Notob, Guido, (2018), Fostering entrepreneurial learning processes through DynamicStart-up business model simulators, The International Journal of Management Education, 468-482 24. Cressy, R. (2006). Why do most firms die young? Small Business Economics, 26(1), 103-116.11 25. Cuisner, M., Janssen, H., Graauw, C, Bakker, S., & Hoogduin, C. (1996). Pregnancy following miscarriage: Curse of grief and some determining factors. Joumal of Psychometric Obstetrics and Gynecology. (17): 168-174. 26. Deakins, D., and Freel, M. (1998), Entrepreneurial learning and the growth process in SMEs, The Learning Organisation, 5(3), 144-155. 27. Dean A. Shepherd, Fouad Philippe Saade, Joakim Wincent.(2019).How to circumvent adversity? Refugee-entrepreneurs' resilience in the face of substantial and persistent adversity.Journal of Business Venturing. (on line Ver.) 28. Dew, N., Sarasathy, S., Read, S., & Wiltbank, R. (2009). Affordable loss: Behavioral economic aspects of the plunge decision. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, (3): 105-126. 29. Fan, W., & White, M. J. (2003). Personal bankruptcy and the level of entrepreneurial activity. Journal of Law & Economics, (46): 543-567 30. Gelder, J.-L. V., Vries, R. E. D., Frese, M., & Goutbeek, J.-P. (2007). Differences in psychological strategies of failed and operational business owners in the Fiji Islands. Journal of Small Business Management, 45(3), 388-400. 31. Gibb, A.A., (1997). Small firms' training and competitiveness: building on the small business as a learning organisation. International Small Business Journal 15 (3),13–29 32. Green, S.G., Welsh, M.A., & Dehler, G.E. (2003). Advocacy, performance, and threshold influence on decisions to terminate new product development. Academy of Management Journal, (46), 419-434. 33. Gross, J. J. (1998). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. (74): 224-237. 34. Gross, J. J. (1999). Emotion regulation: Past, present, future. Cognition and Emotion, (13): 551-573. 35. Headd, B. (2003). Redefining business success: distinguishing between closure and failure. Small Business Economics, 23(1), 51-61. 36. Hessels, J., Grilo, I., Thurik, R., & van der Zwan, P. (2011). Entrepreneurial exit and entrepreneurial engagement. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, (21): 447-471. 37. Holmberg, S.R., and Morgan, K.B. (2003), Franchise turnover and failure: New research and perspectives, Journal of Business Venturing, 18(3), 403-418. 38. Kamali, Yahya; (2017); Hybrid methodology and its application in public policy; Politic Quarterly; 47(3), 721 - 736.(In Persian) 39. Kawakami, A. (2007). Success factors for those starting up their business for the second time: The effect of experience of failure on subsequent performance, Journal of Japanese Labor Research, (559), 41-53 40. Kirkwood, J. (2007). Tall poppy syndrome: Implications for entrepreneurship in New Zealand. Journal of Management & Organization, 13: 366-382. 41. Knight, F. H. (1921). Risk, uncertainty and profit. Washington: University of Chicago Press 42. Knott, A. M., & Posen, H. E. (2005). Is failure good? Strategic Management Journal, 26(7): 617-641. 43. Komijani, Ali; Eivazi, Mohammad Rahim; Bozorgmehri, Majid; Nezamipour, Qadir; (2019); The image of good governance in futures studies: from illustration to shaping the future; Journal of Iran Futures Studies; 4(1); 207 - 235.(In Persian) 44. Lee, S. H., Peng, M. W., & Barney, J. B. (2007). Bankruptcy law and entrepreneurship development: A real options perspective. Academy of Management Review, (32): 257-272. 45. Lee, S. H., Yamakawa, Y., Peng, M. W., & Barney, J. B. (2011). How do bankruptcy laws affect entrepreneurship development around the world? Journal of Business Venturing, (26): 505-520 46. Liao, J. J., Welsch, H., & Moutray, C. (2008). Start-up resources and entrepreneurial discontinuance: The case of nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 19(2), 1-15 47. Liua, Yiran. Lib, Yong. Haoc, Xiling. Zhangd, Yuli. (2019). Narcissism and learning from entrepreneurial failure. Journal of Business Venturing. (On line ver.) 48. McGrath, R.G. (1999), falling forward: Real options reasoning and entrepreneurial failure, Academy of Management Review, 24(1), 13-30. 49. Mezirow, J., (1991). Transformative Dimensions of Adult Learning. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco. 50. Minniti, M., & Bygrave, W. (2001). A dynamic model of entrepreneurial learning. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 25(3): 5-16 51. Mohammadi Eliassy, Ghanbar; Notash, Hadi, (2011), Entrepreneurship Development: Fall 2011(13) 31 - 50.(In Persian) 52. Mousavi, Seyed Morteza et al. (2019). Journal of Iran Futures Studies; 4(1); 289 - 312.(In Persian) 53. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of the depressive episode. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. (100): 569-582. 54. Politis, D. (2005). The process of entrepreneurial learning: A conceptual framework. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, (29) 399-424. 55. Prigerson, H. G., Bierhals, A. J., Kasl, S. V., Reynolds, C. F., Shear, M. K., Day, N., Beery, L C, Newsom, J. T., & Jacobs, S. (1997). Traumatic grief as a risk factor for mental and physical morbidity. American Journal of Psychiatry. (154) 616-623. 56. Prigerson, H. G., Shear, M. K., Newson, J. T., Frank, E., Reyn olds, C. F., Houck, P. R., Bierhals, A. J., Kupier, D. J., & Maciejewski, P. K. (1996). Anxiety among widowed elders: Is it distinct from depression and grief? Journal of Anxiety. 2(2): 1-12 57. Sarasvathy, S. (2001). Causation and effectuation: Toward a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to entrepreneurial contingency. Academy of Management Review, 26(2): 243-263. 58. Sarasvathy, S. (2008). Effectuation: Elements of entrepreneurial expertise. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar. 59. Seligman, M. (2006). Learned optimism: How to change your mind and your life. New York: Random House. 60. Shepherd, D. A., & Haynie, J. M. (2011). Venture failure, stigma, and impression management: A self-verification, self-determination view. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal , 5(2): 178-197 61. Shepherd, D. A., Douglas, E. J., & Shanley, M. (2000). New venture survival: Ignorance, external shocks, and risk reduction strategies. Journal of Business Venturing. (15) 393-410 62. Shepherd, D. A., Wiklund, J., & Haynie, J. M. (2009). Moving forward: Balancing the financial and emotional costs of business failure. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(2)134-148. 63. Shuchter, S. R. (1986). Dimensions of. grief: Adjusting to the death of a spouse. New York: Jossey-Bass 64. Singh Smita, (2011), experincing and learning from entrepreneurial failure, Ph. D. thesis, The University of Waikato. 65. Singh, S., Corner, P. and Pavolvich, K. (2007), Coping with entrepreneurial failure, Journal of Management and Organization, 13(4), 331-344. 66. Singh, S., Corner, P., & Pavlovich, K. (2007). Coping with Entrepreneurial Failure. Journal of Management & Organization, (13) 331-344. 67. Sitkin, S. B. (1992). Learning through failure: The strategy of small losses. Research in Organizational Behavior, (14) 231-266 68. Sommer, S. C., Loch, C. H., & Dong, J. (2009). Managing Complexity and Unforeseeable Uncertainty in Startup Companies: An Empirical Study. 69. Staw, B. M. (1981). The escalation of commitment to a course of action. Academy of Management Review, (6) 577-578. 70. Staw, B. M., & Hoang, H. (1995). Sunk costs in the NBA: Why draft order effects playing time and survival in professional basketball. Administrative Science Quarterly, (40) 474-494. 71. Stokes, D. and Blackburn, R. (2002). Learning hard way: the lessons of owner-manages who have closed their businesses, Journal of small business and enterprise development, 9(1)17-27. 72. Stroebe, M. S., & Schut, H. (1999). The dual process of coping with bereavement: Rationale and description. Death Studies. (23)197-224 73. Ucbasaran, D., Westhead, P., Wright, M., & Flores, M. (2010). The nature of entrepreneurial experience, business failure and comparative optimism. Journal of Business Venturing, (25) 541-555. 74. Ucbasaran, D., Wright, M., Westhead, P., & Busenitz, L. (2003). The impact of entrepreneurial experience on opportunity identification and exploitation: Habitual and novice entrepreneurs. In J. Katz & D. Shepherd (Eds.), Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence and growth, vol. 6: Cognition and decision-making in the entrepreneurial context: 231-264. Oxford, UK: JAI, Elsevier. 75. Ucbasaran,D., Shepherd, A., Lockett, Lyon (2013), Life After Business Failure: The Process and Consequences of Business Failure for Entrepreneurs, Journal of Management, 39,163-201 76. Wiklund, J., Baker, T., & Shepherd, D. (2010). The age effect of financial indicators as buffers against the liabilities of newness. Journal of Business Venturing, (25)423-437. 77. Wortman, C. B., & Silver, R. C. (1989). The myths of coping with loss. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. (57) 349-35 78. Wortman, C. B., & Silver, R. C. (1992). Reconsidering assumptions about coping with loss: An overview of current research. In L. Montada, S. H. Filipp, & M. S. Lerner (Eds.), Life crises and experiences of loss in adulthood: 341-365. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Eribaum Associates. | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 570 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 586 |