تعداد نشریات | 19 |
تعداد شمارهها | 380 |
تعداد مقالات | 3,121 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 4,251,003 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 2,845,073 |
میزان کاهش مصرف انرژی خانگی با اصلاح جزییات معماری بام سبز در منطقه گرم و نیمه خشک، دزفول (ایران) | ||
نشریه علمی اندیشه معماری | ||
مقاله 11، دوره 6، شماره 11، فروردین 1401، صفحه 193-212 اصل مقاله (2.06 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30479/at.2021.13194.1505 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
مریم حسینی1؛ محسن بینا* 2 | ||
1کارشناسی ارشد معماری، گروه معماری، دانشگاه صنعتی جندی شاپور دزفول، ایران | ||
2استادیار گروه معماری، دانشگاه صنعتی جندی شاپور، دزفول ایران | ||
تاریخ دریافت: 13 اردیبهشت 1399، تاریخ بازنگری: 25 فروردین 1400، تاریخ پذیرش: 29 فروردین 1400 | ||
چکیده | ||
بیان مسئله: در مبحث اقلیم و معماری تاثیر پذیرترین عنصر ساختمانی در برابر عوامل اقلیمی بام ساختمانهاست. انرژی دریافتی بامها در تابستان بسیار بیشتر از سایر جدارههای ساختمانی است که منجر به افزایش انرژی مصرفی سامانه خنک کننده در فضای زیر بام میگردد. از طرفی عمده مصرف انرژی در سرمایش، انرژی الکتریکی به عنوان انرژی گرانتر میباشد که سهم زیادی در هزینههای مصرفی خانوار خواهد داشت. در زمستانها نیز اتلاف حرارت بام از فضای داخل به محیط بیرون منجر به افزایش مصرف انرژی سامانه گرمایش میشود لذا تاثیر قابل توجهی بر مصرف انرژی خانگی دارند. یکی از پیشنهادات قابل اجرا به منظور کاهش انتقال گرما از جداره سقف، استفاده از بام سبز میباشد. قابلیت بامسبز بسته به شرایط اقلیمی هر منطقه متفاوت است بنابراین میبایست تمامی شاخصهای موثر بر عملکرد حرارتی بام سبز با شرایط آب و هوایی منطقه مطابقت داشته باشد. سوال تحقیق: لایههای تشکیل دهنده بام سبز در بهسازی حرارتی ساختمانهای مسکونی بر انرژی مصرفی و آسایش حرارتی ساکنان در شرایط اقلیمی شهرستان دزفول چه تاثیری دارند؟ و بهینهترین جزییات بام سبز از بعد کاهش مصرف انرژی خانگی در موقعیت جغرافیایی شهر دزفول کدام است؟ هدف تحقیق: بررسی عوامل تاثیرگذار بام سبز در جهت افزایش کارکرد حرارتی آن و پیشنهاد الگوی مناسب بام سبز در شرایط آب و هوایی شهرستان دزفول میباشد. روش تحقیق: بدین منظور در مطالعات اولیه بام سبز ابتدا از روش تحقیق کیفی استفاده شده است؛ در ادامه با استفاده از روش تحقیق تجربی و انتقال دادههای حاصل از بررسی منابع، آمار ایستگاه هواشناسی شهرستان دزفول و نرمافزارهای “کنسولتنت کلایمیت”و "دی ویو" به نرمافزار شبیه سازی "دیزاین بیلدر" تاثیر شاخصهها و عوامل موثر بر عملکرد حرارتی بام سبز در شرایط اقلیمی شهرستان دزفول مورد بررسی قرار گرفت تا بهینهترین حالت برای لایههای تشکیل دهنده بام سبز منطقه تعیین گردد. مهمترین یافته ها و نتیجهگیری تحقیق: اندازهگیریها نشان میدهد که گونههای گیاهی دارای برگهای پهن، رشد پایین، عمق کم بستر، لایه زهکش از جنس خرده لاستیک بازیافت شده و ایجاد لایه هوا نقش موثری در عملکرد حرارتی بام سبز شهرستان دزفول ایفا میکند و به طور کلی اصلاح لایههای بام سبز موجب کاهش kWh/m2 8/42 معادل2/29 درصد از انرژی کل مصرفی ساختمان شبیه سازی شده میگردد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
بام سبز؛ بهینهسازی مصرف انرژی؛ دزفول؛ ساختمان؛ اقلیم و معماری | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Reduction in residential energy consumption via modifying the details of green roof architecture in a warm and semi-arid climate, Dezful, Iran | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
maryam hosseini1؛ Mohsen Bina2 | ||
1MA student in Architecture, Architectural Department, Jundi-shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran. | ||
2Architectural Department, Jundi-shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Research Problem: In the subject of climate and architecture, the most impressive element of building against climate factors is the roof of building. The energy received by the roofs in summer is much more than other building walls which leads to increase the energy consumption of the cooling system in the space under the roof. On the other, the major of energy consumption in cooling, electric energy is considered as more expensive energy that will have a large share in household consumption costs. In winter, the heat loss of the roof from inside to outside leads to an increased in energy consumption of the heating system. It affects the residential energy consumption significantly. One applicable recommendation for decreasing heat transfer is to use green roofs. In green roofs due to vegetation, soil and various layers, the heat is converted to moisture through evaporation, and generated cooling leads to cooling of buildings. In other words, green roofs help reduce heat fluctuations, shade and increase heat capacity to cool the space under the roof in the summer and winter heating On the other hand, all effective parameters on the thermal performance of green roofs must comply the climate conditions of the region. Research Question: these two questions arise: What are the effects of green roof layers on optimizing the thermal performance and energy consumption of residential building as well as thermal comfort of the people living in the climate of Dezful city? And what are the best details of the green roof in terms of reducing domestic energy consumption in the geographical location of Dezful? Research Aimes: This study is aimed at investigating the effective parameters of green roofs on improvement of their thermal performance as well as proposing a suitable green roof design for of Dezful city, Iran. Research Method: For this purpose in initial studies and by proving the needs, the present study is based to complete the basic knowledge about various aspects of green roofs and the principals of their design and implementation via a qualitative study and comprehensive investigation of literatures. followed by investigating the influence of various indexes and effective parameters on thermal performance of green roofs for residential building is modeled in the climate conditions of Dezful via an experimental research method and transferring the data obtained from resources, statistics given by the weather station of Dezful as well as “Dview” and “Climate Consultant” software to the simulating software of “Design Builder”.All results were compared with an ordinary roof and Finally, the most optimum situation for the layers composing the green roof of this region was determined. The Most Important Results and Conclusion: Measurements have revealed that the thermal performance of green roofs in the climate conditions of Dezful is affected by herbal species containing wide leaves with high cover have the greatest impact on reducing the cooling and heating load of the building and reducing its costs. After than, low growth and low depth of growing media can also reduce the cost of cooling and heating. The effect of the green roof with air layer, insulation layer and use of rubber crumbs as drainage layer is lower than the previous three factors, but its use is valuable. In general, the modification of green roof layers has resulted in 8.42 kWh/m2 energy reduction which is equal to 29.2% of the total energy consumption of the simulated building and consequently results in an annual saving of 1291.037 $ from the energy consumption costs. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
green roof, optimization of energy consumption, Dezful city, building, climate | ||
مراجع | ||
اقبالی، سید رحمان ؛صادقی، نگار؛ رزاق رستمی، مهناز (1399). ارزیابی حرارتی بامهای سبز گسترده در قیاس با سایر بامهای مسطح در ساختمان های مسکونی (با لایه ی فوقانی نقره ای و سفید). اندیشه معماری. دوره 4، شماره 8، صفحه 237-251. https://at.journals.ikiu.ac.ir/article_2091.htmlبرزگر گنجی، هدی(1391). بررسی گونههای مختلف دیوار سبز و اثر بخشی آنها در کاهش میزان مصرف انرژی در ایران. تهران. دانشگاه تهران، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد معماری انرژی. ترازنامۀ انرژی ایران (1392)، تهران، معاونت امور برق و انرژی وزارت نیرو. https://www.tavanir.org.ir محمودی زرندی، مهناز، پاکاری، ندا (1391). طراحی جزییات مناسب بام سبز برای کاهش مصرف انرژی ساختمان. آرمانشهر. شماره11. صفحه 141-151. http://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33471.html Banting D, Doshi H, Li J, Missios P (2005). Report on the environmental benefits and costs of green roof technology for the city of Toronto. City of Toronto and Ontario Centres for Excellence Earth and Environmental Technologies, Toronto. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.165.9334&rep=rep1&type=pdf Berardi, U (2011). Sustainability assessment in the construction sector: rating systems and rated buildings. Sustainable development; 20(6): 411–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.532
Bevilacqua P, Coma J, Pérez G, Chocarro C, Juárez A, Solé C, Simone M, Cabeza L. F (2015). Plant cover and floristic composition effect on thermal behaviour of extensive green roofs. Building and Environment, 92, 305–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.04.026
Bradley Rowe, D (2010). Green Roofs as a Means of Pollution Abatement. Journal of Environmental Pollution, 159: 2100-2110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.029
Castleton H.F, Stovin V, Beck S.B.M, Davison J.B (2010). Green roofs; building energy savings and the potential for retrofit. Energy Build, 42: 1582-1591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.05.004
Cascone S, Gagliano A, Poli T, Sciuto G (2018). Thermal performance assessment of extensive green roofs investigating realistic vegetation-substrate configurations. Building Simulation. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-018-0488-y
Coma J, de Gracia A., Chàfer M, Pérez G, & Cabeza L. F (2017). Thermal characterization of different substrates under dried conditions for extensive green roofs. Energy and Buildings, 144: 175–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.031
Dahanayake K. C, Chow C. L (2017). Comparing reduction of building cooling load through green roofs and green walls by EnergyPlus simulations. Building Simulation, 11(3): 421–434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-017-0415-7
Del Barrio EP (1998). Analysis of the green roofs cooling potential in buildings. Energy Build. 27: 179-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(97)00029-7
Dvorak B, Volder A (2010). Green roof vegetation for North American ecoregions: a literature review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 96: 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.04.009
Energy Information Administration (EIA). U.S. Electric Power Monthly 2019. https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/epm_table_grapher.php?t=epmt_5_6_a (accessed June 25, 2019).
Energy Information Administration (EIA). U.S. Natural Gas Prices 2019. https://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/NG_PRI_SUM_DCU_NUS_M.htm (accessed June 28, 2019)
EnergyPlus documentation (2018). US. Department of Energy, 26-27. https://energyplus.net/documentation
Frankenstein S, Koenig G (2004). FASST vegetation models. Technical Report TR-04-Hanover, NH: US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/FASST-vegetation-models-Frankenstein-Koenig/cb14732253576ff7baf1da7a4ecd47d4c5564a74
Jaffal I, Ouldboukhitine S.E, Belarbi R (2012). A comprehensive study of the impact of green roofs on building energy performance. Renew Energy, 43: 157-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.12.004
Jim C.Y, Tsang S.W (2011). Modeling the heat diffusion process in the abiotic layersof green roofs, Energy and Buildings, 43 (6): 1341–1350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.01.012
Kokogiannakis G, Darkwa J, Yuan K (2013). A combined experimental and simulation method for appraising the energy performance of green roofs in Ningbo’s Chinese climate. Building Simulation, 7(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-013-0149-0
Kumar R, Kaushik R.S (2005). Performance evaluation of green roof and shading for thermal protection of buildings. Build. Environ, 40: 1505-1511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.11.015
La Roche P, Berardi U (2014). Comfort and energy savings with active green roofs. Energy and Buildings, 82: 492–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.07.055
Lazzarin R.M, Castellotti F, Busato F (2005). Experimental measurements and numerical modeling of a green roof. Energy and Buildings, 37: 1260–1267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2005.02.001
Niachou A, Papakonstantinou K, Santamouris M, Tsangrassoulis A, Mihalakakou G (2001). Analysis of the green roof thermal properties and investigation of its energy performance. Energy Build, 33: 719-729. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(01)00062-7
Refahi A.H, Talkhabi H (2015). Investigating the effective factors on the reduction of energy consumption in residential buildings with green roofs. Renewable Energy, 80: 595-603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.02.030
Sailor D.J (2008). A green roof model for building energy simulation programs. Energy Build, (40): 1466-1478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.02.001
Santamouris M, Pavlou C, Doukas P, Mihalakakou G, Synnefa A, Hatzibiros A, et al (2007). Investigating and analysing the energy and environmental performance of an experimental green roof system installed in a nursery school building in Athens, Greece. Energy, 32: 1781–1788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.11.011
Silva CM, Gomes MG, Silva M (2016). Green roofs energy performance in Mediterranean climate. Energy and Buildings, 116: 318–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.01.012
Silva C. M, Flores-Colen I, Coelho A (2015). Green roofs in Mediterranean areas – Survey and maintenance planning. Building and Environment, 94, 131–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.07.029
Theodosiou TG (2003). Summer period analysis of the performance of a planted roof as a passive cooling technique. Energy Build, 35: 909-917. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(03)00023-9
Vila A, Perez G, Sole C, Fernández, A. I, Cabeza L. F (2012). Use of rubber crumbs as drainage layer in experimental green roofs. Building and Environment, 48, 101–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.08.010
Villi G, Pasut W, Carli M. D (2009). CFD modelling and thermal performance analysis of a wooden ventilated roof structure. Building Simulation, 2(3): 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-009-9414-7
Wong NH, Chen Y, Ong C, Sia A (2003). Investigation of thermal benefits of rooftop garden in the tropical environment. Build Environ, 38: 261-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1323(02)00066-5
Wong NH, Cheong DKW, Yan H, Soh J, Ong CL, Sia A (2003).The effects of rooftop garden on energy consumption of a commercial building in Singapore. Energy Build, 35: 353-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00108-1
Zhao M, Cesar Tabares-Velasco P, Srebric J, Komarneni S, Berghage R (2014). Effects of plant and substrate selection on thermal performance of green roofs during the summer. Building and Environment, 78: 199-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.02.011 | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,442 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 527 |