بررسی و تحلیل تنوّع واژگانی و تأثیر آن بر سبک و فضای شعر در سروده‌های نیما یوشیج و بدر شاکرالسیّاب « بر پایة نظریة جانسون»

1. Statement of the problem

The use of statistics in literary studies can increase the accuracy of the research, and by accurately describing the text and converting qualitative elements into tangible quantities, it draws the audience's attention to the hidden layers and angles of the text, taste and emotional judgments based on taste. turn personal judgments into documented judgments. Johnson's theory is one of them. "Nima Yoshij" and "Badr Shaker Al-Siyab" are pioneers of the transformation of contemporary poetry in Iran and Iraq from very similar angles. After selecting a statistical population with the same quantity (three thousand words) of the poems of these two poets, the present study investigated their poetic style based on "Johnson's" theory and examined their lexical diversity and analyzed the effect of each in creating a poetic style and atmosphere.

2. 2. Research background

 Sedekhi and Kazemi (2007) in "comparison of the diversity of words in the poetry style of the poems of Daabal Khazai, Sharif Razi and Mehyar Deilami" have proved which poet is the most innovative in this field. Bond Shahriari and Seyed Rezaei (2013) in "Comparison of the poetry of Forough Farrokhzad, Farzaneh Khojandi and Khaleda Forough from the perspective of Johnson's theory" by choosing three women poets from three countries, compared and analyzed the vocabulary of their poems. A comparative study of the poems of Badr Shaker and Nima Yoshij" explained the common intellectual and linguistic foundations of these two poets.

3. Summary of the article

 Johnson's method should be done in a comparative manner with a 3000-word essay between two or three poets; The choice of words is random. To determine the variety of words, words should be placed in tables that have ten vertical and horizontal boxes. Compound verbs and prefixes are one word. Conjunctions and prepositions and "ra" are not counted in the count. The plural and singular of nouns is repetition. Abbreviated words are a repetition of the original. Pronouns are a part of the word. Compound words are one word. After that, repeated words will be crossed out and the rest will be counted, which is the "diverse vocabulary" of each poet. After that, the ratio of various words to the whole text is measured. That is, the diverse vocabulary of each poet is divided by the total vocabulary and divided into 6 equal parts, each part containing 500 words. In this way, the average ratio of the total diversity is determined. In the stepwise reduction curve of vocabulary diversity, the slope of this diversity reduction is evaluated, that is, like the previous stage, first 3000 words are divided into 6 parts of 500 words, and then the number of diverse words in each part is divided by five hundred. In the density curve, the ratio of vocabulary diversity of the text is divided into six parts of 500 words; Then, a ratio is created between the various words and the sum of all the words of the first part. In the second part, this part is obtained by creating a ratio between various words and the sum of all words. And it continues until the end of the sixth section. After examining the selected poems of "Nima Yoshij" and "Badr Shaker Al-Siyab", it can be seen that several important and pivotal propositions have been expressed more in this section: social themes and themes (poverty and anti-poverty, disorder of the social system, prevalence of corruption and immorality, justice, freedom and call to claim rights) hope for the future and positivity, death thoughts, love, nature and elements related to it (water, night, wind) birthplace.

4 - Conclusion

Examining the ratio of diversity and tables and graphs in a random selection of 3000 words from each poet shows that the number of diverse words of "Badr Shaker Al-Siyab" is more than that of "Nima Yoshij" and the curve of vocabulary reduction in the language of "Nima Yoshij" is faster than that of "Bader Shakir". Al-Sayyab. "Shaker al-Siyab" has a wider range of vocabulary than "Nima Yoshij". There are 950 non-repeated words in the 3000 words of "Nima Yoshij" and 1180 different words in the 3000 words of "Badr Shaker al-Siyab". "Badr Shaker al-Siyab" has 230 different words more than "Nima Yoshij". Another is repeating certain words in a broad way; For example, both poets, due to their births in rural areas, have widely used the field of meaning related to nature, or their familiarity with foreign languages ​​and literature has led to the introduction of common definitions of human rights and human demands in both of their poems.

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