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شمس, فاطمه, پورجعفر, محمدرضا, خاتمی, سید مهدی, سلطانی, علی. (1403). مروری بر گذار از پارادایم تاب‌آوری اثباتی به گفتمان یکپارچه تاب‌آوری در حوزه شهرسازی معاصر. لسان مبین, 2(2), 1-18. doi: 10.30479/ust.2024.20416.1153
فاطمه شمس; محمدرضا پورجعفر; سید مهدی خاتمی; علی سلطانی. "مروری بر گذار از پارادایم تاب‌آوری اثباتی به گفتمان یکپارچه تاب‌آوری در حوزه شهرسازی معاصر". لسان مبین, 2, 2, 1403, 1-18. doi: 10.30479/ust.2024.20416.1153
شمس, فاطمه, پورجعفر, محمدرضا, خاتمی, سید مهدی, سلطانی, علی. (1403). 'مروری بر گذار از پارادایم تاب‌آوری اثباتی به گفتمان یکپارچه تاب‌آوری در حوزه شهرسازی معاصر', لسان مبین, 2(2), pp. 1-18. doi: 10.30479/ust.2024.20416.1153
شمس, فاطمه, پورجعفر, محمدرضا, خاتمی, سید مهدی, سلطانی, علی. مروری بر گذار از پارادایم تاب‌آوری اثباتی به گفتمان یکپارچه تاب‌آوری در حوزه شهرسازی معاصر. لسان مبین, 1403; 2(2): 1-18. doi: 10.30479/ust.2024.20416.1153

مروری بر گذار از پارادایم تاب‌آوری اثباتی به گفتمان یکپارچه تاب‌آوری در حوزه شهرسازی معاصر

اندیشه راهبردی شهرسازی
مقاله 1، دوره 2، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 4، شهریور 1403، صفحه 1-18    اصل مقاله (1.35 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله مستخرج از رساله دکتری
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30479/ust.2024.20416.1153
نویسندگان
فاطمه شمس* 1؛ محمدرضا پورجعفر2؛ سید مهدی خاتمی3؛ علی سلطانی4
1دانشجو دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
2استاد شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
3دانشیار شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
4استاد شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت: 12 مرداد 1403،  تاریخ بازنگری: 20 مهر 1403،  تاریخ پذیرش: 20 مهر 1403 
چکیده
مقدمه: تفکر تاب­‌آوری به عنوان یک مفهوم لغزنده و مملو از فراز و نشیب‌­ها، در دستگاه‌­های فکری مختلف، اصول و مولفه­‌های متفاوتی به خود دیده­است، که ادغام رهیافت­‌های نظری، منجر به ابهام در نحوه درک، تفسیر و کاربرد این تفکر گردیده است.
هدف پژوهش: هدف پژوهش بررسی سیر تکاملی چارچوب‌های نظری تاب‌آوری از گذشته تا حال در دستگاه­‌های فکری مختلف، جهت به دست‌آوردن درک دقیقی از گفتمان تاب‌آوری در حوزه شهرسازی معاصر است.
روش‌شناسی: در این راستا مبنی بر پارادایم تفسیرگرایی و با اتخاذ راهبرد استقرایی و با مرور اسناد کتابخانه­‌ای و تحلیل آرای نظری و بهره­‌گیری از روش تحلیل موقعیت، مرور نظام­‌مند مطالعات انتخاب­‌شده (28 متن) به صورت فعالانه با هدف روشن ساختن عناصر موقعیتی به عنوان واحدهای تحلیل انجام شد.
یافته‌ها و بحث: یافته­‌ها گویای آنست که چهار زاویه معرفت­‌شناسی یا چهار نسل از مفهوم تاب‌­آوری قابل تبیین است. نسل اول در ذیل چتر پارادایمی اثبات­‌گرایی، به دوران آغازین ابداع مفهوم تاب­‌آوری در علم بوم­‌شناسی بازمی­گردد که با بازخورد بازیابی و حفظ اصالت ارتجاعی سیستم­‌ها شناخته می‌­شود. نسل دوم که در پارادایم پسا اثبات‌­گرایی تبلور می‌­یابد، بر اصل انطباق­‌پذیری تاکید دارد. نسل سوم در پارادایم پراگماتیسم با  پافشاری بر آنچه در عمل به کار می‌­آید، برجسته می‌­شود. نسل چهارم نیز، با نگاه برساختی-تفسیری، به تولید و بازتولید فهم خود از تاب‌­آوری می‌­پردازد.
نتیجه‌گیری: هر چند در روند این صورت­‌بندی، سعی شد پتانسیل­‌های هر یک از این نسل­‌های چهارگانه در قیاس با یکدیگر از منظر جهت­‌گیری، مولفه‌­های بنیادین، نقاط تمرکز و سیر تغییرات برجسته شوند، اما چنین به نظر می‌­رسد که در موقعیت فعلی جوامع، بهره­‌گیری از رهیافت نسل چهارم، بیش از سایرین پاسخگوی انتظارات حال و آینده باشد. تکامل مفهوم تاب­‌آوری که از دریچه نسل­‌های مختلف برجسته شد، تعدادی از درس‌های نوظهور را برای سیاست‌گذاران شناسایی کرده‌است که اکنون در حوزه‌های سیاست‌گذاری و در مقیاس‌های فضایی مختلف به‌کار گرفته می‌شوند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
تاب آوری؛ پارادایم شیفت؛ گفتمان؛ برساخت گرایی؛ تحلیل موقعیت
عنوان مقاله [English]
A review of the transition from the positivist resilience paradigm to the integrated discourse of resilience in the field of contemporary urban planning
نویسندگان [English]
Fatemeh shams1؛ Mohammad Reza Pourjafar2؛ Seyyed Mahdi Khatami3؛ Ali Soltani4
1PhD Candidate in Urban Planning, Faculty of Art, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2Professor of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3Associate Professor of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
4Professor of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Introduction: Resilience thinking, a slippery concept, encompasses different principles and components across various intellectual systems. Integrating these theoretical approaches often leads to ambiguity in understanding, interpretation, and application. This ambiguity arises from the diverse contexts of resilience, from ecological to socio-economic systems. The interdisciplinary nature of resilience thinking requires synthesizing knowledge, which can obscure clear guidelines. Ongoing research and dialogue are essential to refine its framework and enhance its utility across different domains.
 
The Purpose of the Research: The main purpose of this research is to investigate the evolution of the theoretical frameworks of resilience from the past to the present in different intellectual systems, in order to gain a precise understanding of the discourse of resilience in the field of contemporary urban planning.
 
Methodology: In this regard, based on the paradigm of interpretivism and by adopting the inductive strategy and by reviewing library documents and analyzing theoretical opinions and using the method of situational analysis, a systematic review of the selected studies with the aim of clarifying the situational elements as the units of analysis were conducted. The studies selected at this stage are based on a systematic review in the WoS and Scopus citation database between 1972 and 2023, as well as Persian sources, with the entry criteria of English, open access, high referencing, and the exit criterion of lack of originality and innovation in the presented definition of resilience, conference articles and book chapters (28 final sources), actively and in successive stages with the aim of clarifying situational elements as units of analysis were studied. Based on this, in this paper, to explain the conceptual model using the situational analysis method, three categories of maps have been introduced and drawn: a) Situational map (both unstructured and regular versions are used for data): To show the breadth and scope of the issues involved in the situation under investigation, specifying all actors, including individual or group actors, including non-human information-cognitive elements, spatial elements and components, historical, narrative and administrative discourses and the articulation of the relationships between them, b) the map of the arena or social worlds: the size, location and intersections of the social worlds are shown with the aim of stabilizing various discourse worlds in one arena, and c) the positional map: reflecting the elements and collections in a situation and different perspectives, with the aim of simplifying and understanding more clearly the expressed and unexpressed situations in the fields or discourses.
 
Findings and Discussion: The findings show that four epistemological perspectives or four generations of the concept of resilience can be explained. The first generation, under the umbrella of the positivist paradigm, goes back to the early days of the concept of resilience in ecology, which is known as feedback to restore and maintain the resilience of systems. The second generation, which crystallizes in the post-positivism paradigm, emphasizes the principle of adaptability. The third generation stands out in the paradigm of pragmatism by insisting on what is used in practice, and the fourth generation produces and reproduces its own understanding of resilience with a constructive-interpretive view.
 
Conclusion: Although in the process of this formulation, the capacities and potentials of each of these four generations were compared with each other from the point of view of direction, fundamental components, focus points and the course of outstanding changes., however, it seems that in the current situation of societies, the use of the fourth generation approach is more responsive to the expectations of the present and future. The evolution of the concept of resilience, highlighted above through the lens of different generations, has identified a number of emerging lessons for policy makers that are now being applied in policy areas at different spatial scales. Although the initial ideas of urban resilience were generally resource driven by the (perceived) need to return to an earlier state, environmental and economic changes now create varying degrees of risk and desirability for urban policymakers. This has led to a new body of work in the urban planning literature focused on applying resilience principles to policy and practice. In addition to the efforts made, we can take a detailed look at the consideration of the fourth generation approach according to the requirements of civil societies and citizens.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Resilience, Paradigm Shift, Discourse, Constructivism, Situation Analysis
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