تعداد نشریات | 19 |
تعداد شمارهها | 373 |
تعداد مقالات | 3,059 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 4,144,344 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 2,765,081 |
Comparative Analysis of Novice, Moderately Experienced, and Highly Experienced Iranian EFL Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Focusing on Their Cognition, Metacognition, Affection, and Behavior | ||
Journal of Modern Research in English Language Studies | ||
مقاله 3، دوره 10، شماره 1، فروردین 2023، صفحه 47-72 اصل مقاله (953.71 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: research paper | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30479/jmrels.2022.17384.2081 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
Maryam Azizi1؛ Hossein Heidari Tabrizi* 2؛ Ahmadreza Lotfi3 | ||
1English Department, Isfahan(Khoasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran, | ||
2Department of English, Islamic Azad University,, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran | ||
3Department of English language, Isfahan (Khorasegan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. | ||
تاریخ دریافت: 25 خرداد 1401، تاریخ بازنگری: 25 مرداد 1401، تاریخ پذیرش: 04 شهریور 1401 | ||
چکیده | ||
Despite its enrichment, the literature on teacher self-efficacy lacks evidential data on the changes in both hidden and observable variables underlying this multifaceted construct. To compensate for this substantial gap, the current study compared patterns of cognition, metacognition, emotion, and behavior across three groups of Iranian EFL teachers with scant, moderate, and considerable teaching experience. 382 Iranian EFL teachers participated in the current study, filling out five well-established survey instruments targeted at measuring pedagogical knowledge, teaching reflection, motivational needs satisfaction, teaching styles use, and work engagement. The survey data were compared across the three groups based on a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). According to the results, the groups differed significantly on a linear combination of the five variables. The discriminant function analysis (DFA) results showed that pedagogical knowledge and motivational needs satisfaction acted as a concordant pair and explained the heaviest load of the overall between-group differences. The significantly higher levels of pedagogical knowledge and motivational needs satisfaction among the moderately experienced teachers, compared to those of their less and more experienced counterparts, suggested that Iranian EFL teachers’ sense of efficacy reaches its peak in the middle years of teaching life. The findings may provide new insights into the ways of setting English teachers of various experiential backgrounds on the road to optimum efficacy. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
Keywords: Self-efficacy؛ Teaching experience؛ Comparative study؛ Teacher cognition؛ Pedagogical knowledge | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
مطالعه ی چند جانبه خودکارآمدی معلمان زبان ایرانی کم تجربه در مقابل معلمان زبان ایرانی با تجربه | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
مریم عزیزی1؛ حسین حیدری تبریزی2؛ احمدرضا لطفی3 | ||
1دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان) | ||
2دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان) | ||
3دپارتمان زبان ، دانشگاه آزاد اصفهان (خوراسگان) ، اصفهان ، ایران | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
خودکارآمدی, تجربه تدریس, مطالعه تطبیقی, شناخت معلم, دانش آموزشی | ||
مراجع | ||
Akbari, R., & Moradkhan, S. (2009). Iranian English teachers’ self-efficacy: Do academic degrees and experience make a difference? Pazhuheshe Zabanhaye Khareji, 56, 25–47.
Akbari, R., Behzadpoor, F., & Dadvand, B. (2010). Development of English language teaching reflection inventory. System, 38(2), 211–227.
Amini Faskhodi, A., & Siyyari, M. (2018). Dimensions of work engagement and teacher burnout: A study of relations among Iranian EFL teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 43(1), 78–93.
Aslrasouli, M. & Saadat Pour Vahid, M. (2014). An investigation of teaching anxiety among novice and experienced Iranian EFL teachers across gender: International conference on current trends in ELT. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 98, 304–313.
Baleghizadeh, S., & Shakouri, M. (2017). Investigating the relationship between teaching styles and teacher self-efficacy among some Iranian ESP university instructors. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 54(4), 394–402.
Bandura, A., (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215.
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122–147.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.
Bandura, A. (2009). Cultivate self-efficacy for personal and organizational effectiveness. In E. A. Locke (Ed.), Handbook of principles of organization behavior (2nd ed., pp. 179–200). Wiley.
Borg, S. (2006). Teacher cognition and language education: Research and practice. Continuum Press.
Brandenburg, R., McDonough, S., Burke, J., & White, S. (2016). Teacher education: Innovation intervention and impact. Springer.
Brookfield, S. D. (1993). Breaking the code: Engaging practitioners in critical analysis of adult education literature. Studies in the Education of Adults, 25(1), 64–91.
Cochran, W.G. (1963). Sampling technique (2nd ed.). Inc.
Dadvand, B., & Behzadpoor, F. (2020). Pedagogical knowledge in English language teaching: A lifelong-learning complex-system perspective. London Review of Education, 18(1), 107–125.
Darling-Hammond, L. (1995). Changing conceptions of teaching and teacher development. Teacher Education Quarterly, 22(4), 9–26.
Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methodologies. Oxford University Press.
Dörnyei, Z., & Ushioda, E. (2011). Teaching and researching motivation. Pearson Education.
Farrell, T. S. C. (2007). Reflective language teaching: From research to practice. Continuum Press.
Gatbonton, E. (2008). Looking beyond teachers’ classroom behavior: Novice and experienced ESL teachers’ pedagogical knowledge. Language Teaching Research, 12(2), 161–182.
Gokce, F. (2010). Assessment of teacher motivation. School Leadership & Management, 30(5), 487–499.
Graham, L. J., White, S. L. J., Cologon, K., & Pianta, R. C. (2020). Do teachers’ years of experience make a difference in the quality of teaching? Teaching and Teacher Education, 96, 103–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103190.
Grasha, A. F. (1996). Teaching with Style: A practical guide to enhancing learning by understanding teaching and learning styles. Pittsburgh, PA: Alliance Publishers.
Han, J., & Yin, H. (2016). Teacher motivation: Definition, research development and implications for teachers. Cogent Education, 3(1), 1–18.
Hargreaves, A., & Fullan, M. (2012). Professional capital: Transforming teaching in every school. Teachers College Press.
Hartman, H. J. (2001). Developing students’ metacognitive knowledge and skills. In H. J. Hartman (Ed.), Metacognition in learning and instruction (pp. 33–68). Springer.
Heimlich, J. E., & Norland, E. (1994). Developing teaching style in adult education. Jossey-Bass.
Henry, G. T., Bastian, K. C., & Fortner, C. K. (2011). Stayers and leavers: early-career teacher effectiveness and attrition. Educational Researcher, 40(6), 271–280.
Hismanoglu, M., & Hismanoglu, S. (2010). English language teachers' perceptions of educational supervision in relation to their professional environment: a case study of Northern Cyprus. Novitas-ROYAL (Research on Youth and Language), 4(1), 16-34.
Hoy, A. W. (2000). Changes in teacher efficacy during the early years of teaching. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA.
Ingersoll, R. M., Merrill, E., Stuckey, D., & Collins, G. (2018). Seven trends: The transformation of the teaching force: Consortium for Policy Research in Education. PA.
Johnson, K. E. (2009). Second language teacher education: A sociocultural perspective. Routledge.
Kaplan, E. J., & Kies, D. A. (1995). Teaching and learning styles: Which came first? Journal of Instructional Psychology, 22(1), 29–33.
Karimnia, A., & Mohammadi, N. (2019). The effects of teachers’ gender, teaching experience, and brain dominance on their teaching styles. International Journal of Research in English Education, 4(1), 37–46.
Kazemi, A., & Soleimani, N. (2013). On Iranian EFL teachers’ dominant teaching styles in private language centers: Teacher centered or student-centered? International Journal of Language Learning and Applied Linguistics World, 4(1), 193–202.
Kazerouni, N., & Sadighi, F. (2014). Investigating Iranian female EFL teachers’ motivation and job satisfaction level at public schools and private language institutes in Shiraz. International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature, 2(8), 93–105.
Klassen, R. M, & Chiu, M. M. (2010). Effects on teachers’ self-efficacy and job satisfaction: teacher gender, years of experience, and job stress. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(3), 741–756.
Kong, Y. (2009). A study on the job engagement of company employees. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 1(2), 65-68.
Korthagen, F. A. J. (2017). Inconvenient truths about teacher learning: Towards professional development 3.0’. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 23(4), 387–405.
Kostić-Bobanović, M. (2020). Perceived emotional intelligence and self- efficacy among novice and experienced foreign language teachers. Economic Research Ekonomska Istraživanja, 33(1), 1200–1213.
Makovec, D. (2018). The teacher’s role and professional development. International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education, 6(2), 33–45.
Maksimyuk, S. P. (2005). Pedagogy. Kondor.
Maslow, A. H. (1987). Motivation and personality (3rd ed.). Addison-Wesley.
Mede, E., & Yalçin, S. (2019). Utilizing textbook adaptation strategies: Experiences and challenges of novice and experienced EFL instructors. TESOL International Journal, 14(1), 91–104.
Mehrpour, S., & Moghadam, M. (2018). Exploring novice and experienced Iranian EFL teachers’ beliefs. International Journal of Language Studies, 12(2), 17–50.
Metcalfe, J. (2000). Meta-memory: Theory and data. In E. Tulving & F. I. Craik (Eds.). The impact of moving away from home on undergraduate metacognitive development (pp. 197–211). Oxford University Press.
Moradian, M. R., & Ahmadi, N. (2014). The relationship between reflectivity in teaching and the sense of self-efficacy among novice and experienced Iranian EFL teachers. Paper presented at the Second National Applied Research Conference on English Language Studies, Tehran, Iran.
Mullock, B. (2006). The pedagogical knowledge base of four TESOL teachers. The Modern Language Journal, 90(1), 48–66.
Nazari, N., Nafissi, Z., Estaji, M., & Marandi, S. S. (2019). Evaluating novice and experienced EFL teachers’ perceived TPACK for their professional development. Cogent Education, 6(1), 1–26.
Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2010). The relationships of age with job attitudes: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 63(3), 677–718.
Nias, J. (1996). Thinking about feeling: The emotions in teaching. Cambridge Journal of Education, 26(3), 293–306.
Ochsner, K., & Phelps, E. (2007). Emerging perspectives on emotion cognition interactions. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(8), 317–318.
Orvola, N. (2009). Video recording as a stimulus for reflection in pre-service EFL teacher training. English Teaching Forum, 74(2), 30–35.
Pessoa (2008). On the relationship between cognition and emotion. Nat Rev Neurosci, 9, 148–158. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2317
Pilvar, A. & Leijen, A. (2015). Differences in thinking between experienced and novice teachers when solving problematic pedagogical situations. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 853–858.
Podolsky, A., Kini, T., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2019). Does teaching experience increase teacher effectiveness? A review of US research. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 4(4), 286–308.
Pollard, A. (2002). Readings for reflective teaching. Continuum.
Rahimi, M., & Asadollahi, F. (2012). Teaching styles of Iranian EFL teachers: Do gender, age, and experience make a difference? International Journal of English Linguistics, 2(2), 157–164.
Rice, J. K. (2013). Learning from experience: Evidence on the impact and distribution of teacher experience and the implications for teacher policy. Education Finance and Policy, 8(3), 33–348.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Defining and measuring work engagement: Bringing clarity to the concept. In A. B. Bakker (Ed.) & M. P. Leiter, Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (pp. 10–24). Psychology Press.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness studies, 3(1), 71-92.
Schutz, P., & Pekrun, R. (Eds.). (2007). Emotion in education. Academic Press.
Shohani, S., Azizifar, A., Gowhary, H., & Jamalinesari, A. (2015). The between novice and experienced teachers’ self-efficacy for personal teaching and external influences. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 185, 446−45.
Sinclair, C. (2008). Initial and changing student teacher motivation and commitment to teaching. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 36(2), 79–104.
Soodmand Afshar, H., & Farahani, M. (2015). Reflective thinking and reflective teaching among Iranian EFL teachers: Do gender and teaching experiences make a difference? Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 192, 615–620.
Soodmand Afshar, H., Rahimi, A., Ghonchehpour, A., & Saedpanah, E. (2015). The impact of teaching experience on Iranian EFL teachers’ sense of efficacy and their perception of English teachers’ distinctive characteristics. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 192, 714-719.
Sturman, M. C. (2003). Searching for the inverted U-shaped relationship between time and performance: Meta-analyses of the experience/performance, tenure/performance, and age/performance relationships. Journal of Management, 29(5), 609–640.
Su, Y., Feng, L., & Hsu, Ch. H. (2017). What influences teachers’ commitment to a lifelong professional development programme? Reflections on teachers’ perceptions. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 37(2), 1-15.
Suezawa, N. (2017). Counting on the experience: A comparative study of novice and expert English teachers at public junior high school in Japan. International Journal of English Language & Translation Studies, 5(2), 53–60.
Thompson, P. W. (2008). Conceptual analysis of mathematical ideas: Some spadework at the foundations of mathematics education. In O. Figueras, J. L. Cortina, S. Alatorre, T. Rojano, & A. Sepulveda (Eds.), Plenary paper presented at the annual meeting of the international group of the psychology of mathematics education (pp. 45–64). PME.
Topchyan, R., & Woehler, C. (2020). Do teacher status, gender, and years of teaching experience impact job satisfaction and work engagement? Education and Urban Social, 53(2), 1–21.
Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, A. W. (2001) Teacher efficacy: Capturing an elusive concept. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17(7), 783–805.
Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, A. W. (2007). The differential antecedents of self-efficacy beliefs of novice and experienced teachers. Teaching & Teacher Education, 23(6), 944–956.
Ulugbek, J. (2020). Modeling the pedagogical experience of England as a factor of improving the quality of training future teachers. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(4), 6683-6693.
Usher, R., & Bryant, I. (1989). Adult education as theory, practice and research: The captive triangle. Routledge.
Van Veen, K., & Sleegers, P. (2006). How does it feel? Teachers’ emotions in a context of change. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 38(1), 85–111.
Verloop, N., Van Driel, J., & Meijer, P. C. (2001). Teacher knowledge and the knowledge base of teaching. International Journal of Educational Research, 35(5), 441–61.
Wolff, C. E., van den Bogert, N., Jarodzka, H., & Boshuizen, H. P. A. (2014). Keeping an eye on learning: Differences between expert and novice teachers’ representations of classroom management events. Journal of Teacher Education, 66(1), 68–85.
Yazdanpanah, M., & Sahragard, R. (2017). A Comparison of professional knowledge between expert and novice Iranian EFL teachers at Iranian language institutes and universities. Journal of Teaching English Language Studies, 6(2), 37–59.
Zamanian, M., & Soleimani, S. (2017). An investigation of EFL novice and experienced teachers’ classroom management strategies and teaching styles. International Academic Journal of Humanities, 4(2), 114–122. | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 256 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 430 |