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جستاری در فرآیند طراحی فرانامه محور در معماری (مورد پژوهی تجربۀ کاربران در یک مجموعۀ آموزشی) | ||
| نشریه علمی اندیشه معماری | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 6، شماره 12، مهر 1401، صفحه 58-77 اصل مقاله (1.95 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30479/at.2022.14682.1667 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا اعظمی1؛ حمید ندیمی* 2؛ شادی عزیزی3 | ||
| 1پژوهشگر دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2استاد، گروه معماری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، مدعو، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3اﺳﺘﺎدﯾﺎر، ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، واﺣﺪ ﺗﻬﺮان ﻣﺮﮐﺰی، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻠﺎﻣﯽ، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﯾﺮان | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 21 آذر 1399، تاریخ بازنگری: 09 شهریور 1401، تاریخ پذیرش: 14 شهریور 1401 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیان مساله: پیش بینی نحوه تعامل کاربران با فضا، از موضوعات مهم در فرآیند طراحی معماری است. یکی از رویکردهای مطرح در این خصوص، طراحی فرانامه محور است. این رویکرد، در رشته هایی همچون طراحی نرم افزار، طراحی محصول و گرافیک، جهت پیش بینی جنبه های تجربۀ کاربر در تعامل با یک سامانه، مورد استفاده قرار گرفته، ولی کاربرد آن در طراحی معماری روشن نیست. سوال تحقیق: سوالات پژوهش حاضر بدین قرار است: 1) مؤلفه های فرانامه در طراحی معماری چیست؟، 2) چگونه می توان با الهام از روش های تجربه شده در سایر رشته های طراحی، چارچوبی برای فرآیند طراحی فرانامه محور در معماری، بر پایۀ تجربۀ کاربران پیشنهاد داد؟ اهداف تحقیق: هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی مؤلفه های طراحی فرانامه محور و سپس ارائه چارچوبی برای آن در معماری است. روش تحقیق: پژوهش حاضر کیفی و از نوع موردپژوهی است. پشتوانه های نظری پژوهش مبتنی بر منابع کتابخانه ای است و طی آن، اجزای فرانامه و جایگاه آن در طراحی معماری مشخص می شود. در بخش موردپژوهی، برای گردآوری داده ها، از مصاحبه های نیمه ساختار یافته با کاربران یک مجموعۀ آموزشی استفاده شده و روش تحلیل داده‌ها شامل کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی می شود. مهم ترین یافته ها و نتیجه گیری تحقیق: یافته ها نشان می دهد که طراحی فرانامه محور در معماری، که مستلزم پیش بینی نحوۀ کاربرد آیندۀ فضاها است، با بکارگیری دسته ای از روش ها در پیمایش و بیان فرانامۀ تجربۀ فضایی کاربران در ساختمان های موجود از همان گونه معماری، امکان پذیر می گردد. چارچوب پیشنهاد شده برای این فرانامه نویسی، که در تدوین احکام طراحی کالبد بنا نقش تعیین کننده دارد، شامل گام های زیر است: 1) تنظیم "برگۀ کاربرنما"، یا نماینده ای از هر گروه کاربری، شامل مشخصات فردی، نیازها و نیز روایتی کوتاه از تجربۀ های فضایی روزمره، 2) مصورسازی فرانامه‌های کارکرد فعلی فضا، در قالبی مشابه "فیلمنامه مصور"، 3) ایده پردازی وضعیت مطلوب فضا بر پایۀ فرانامۀ کارکرد فعلی، 4) تنظیم "فرانامۀ هنجاری" که نشان دهندۀ قواعد رفتاری و اهداف سازمانی و مشترک همۀ گروه های کاربر بنا است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تجربۀ کاربر؛ کاربرنما؛ فرانامه؛ طراحی فرانامه محور؛ فرآیند طراحی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Research on scenario-based design in architecture, centered on user experience (Case study of user experience in an educational building) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zahra Azami1؛ Hamid Nadimi2؛ Shadi Azizi3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Architecture, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Professor, Department of Architecture, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Research Problem: Considering users' interaction with a space to predict its future function is a key issue in the architectural design process. In this regard, a well-known approach is a scenario-based design. This approach is used in software design, product design, and graphics to predict aspects of the user experience interacting with a system. However, it has no clear application in architectural design. Nevertheless, users often have an uncertain position in the architectural design process. Users are rarely consulted, probably because architects do not have direct access to them and their views. Architects often overlook the diversity and spatial experience of users. When visualizing future users, they use their personal experiences as the main reference. Research Question: This study seeks to answer the following questions: "What components are needed to write a scenario in architectural design?" And "How can a framework be proposed for the scenario-based design process in architecture based on user experience inspired by methods developed in other design disciplines?" Research Method: This is a qualitative research that uses a case study. In theoretical discussions, drawing upon documentary research methods, scenario components and the concept of "scenario-based design" in architecture were explained. A series of field studies were then conducted to identify the user experience to develop a scenario-based design framework based on user experience. For this purpose, a non-profit girls' secondary school in Tehran was selected as a case study. Data were collected through participant observation, activities and events, and semi-structured interviews with various school users. For interviews, purposive sampling and theoretical saturation criteria were used. The text of these interviews was then analyzed using quantitative content analysis to extract the influential components in the users' spatial experience. By coding the text of the written interviews, i.e., the school users' narratives of their spatial experience in the building, six main categories were finally obtained. The components were physical-spatial (spatial quality), physical-functional (users' functional requirements), safety, physiological-biological, psychological (individual and social), and cultural-religious (culture and religious ethics). Then, the personal characteristics of the representative of each group of users (including age, gender, profession, needs) were compiled along with the abstract of the narratives of their spatial experience, in the form of a series of sheets called "User Persona Sheet." The Most Important Results and Conclusion: The findings showed that scenario-based design in architecture is possible by using various methods in navigating users' spatial experience in existing buildings of the same type, addressing the current and desired functional scenarios of the spaces. In response to Q1, transferring the scenario components in other design disciplines to architectural design, helped identify the components needed for scenario writing in architecture. These were the user, the user's desires, the location, the user's activities, the events, the time period of the activities, the time sequence and the relationship of the activities to the spaces (scenario plot), and the final product (architectural space). The "User Persona" sheets provided us with the information required to take the above steps. Q2 relates to the framework and steps of scenario writing in the architectural design process. The first step involves appointing a representative from each user group and setting up a "user persona sheet" for each of them containing personal details, needs, a brief account of everyday space experiences, and their view of the desired spaces. In the second step, the current function scenarios of the spaces were illustrated in a format similar to a "storyboard." To this end, it was attempted to represent the narrative of a user's typical day-to-day activities along with his or her key explanations in a chronological hierarchy. In the third step, the scenarios of the desired function of spaces were carried out. Here, according to the current function scenarios and the users' views of the desired situation, an idea was developed about the desired future scenarios of the spaces, containing design ideas. So far, everything has been done based on the spatial experiences of users. In buildings such as schools, with management systems, goals, policies, and norms, a "normative scenario" is added to the pre-proposed scenarios. It reflects the norms, rules of behavior, organizational and common goals of all user groups, affecting the architectural spaces. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| User experience, Persona, Scenario, Scenario-based design, design process | ||
| مراجع | ||
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