Employing a Cooperative Learning Technique as a Means to Promote Iranian EFL Learner’s Critical Thinking

Abrami, P. C., Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Wade, A., Surkes, M. A., Tamim, R., & Zhang, D. (2008). Instructional interventions affecting critical thinking skills and dispositions: A stage 1 meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 78(4), 1102-1134.

Basta, J. (2011). The role of the communicative approach and cooperative learning in higher education. Linguistics and Literature, 9(2), 125-143.

Blumenfeld, P. C., Kempler, T. M., & and Krajcik, J. S. (2006). Motivation and Cognitive Engagement in Learning Environments. In R. K. Sawyer (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of the learning sciences (pp. 475-488). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Bonk, C. J., & Smith, G. S. (1998). Alternative instructional strategies for creative and critical thinking in the accounting curriculum. Journal of Accounting Education, 16(2), 261-293.

Brookfield, S. (1986).  Developing critical thinkers. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Dees, R. L. (1991). The role of cooperative learning in increasing problem-solving ability in a college remedial course. Journal for Research in Mathemetics Education, 22(5), 409-421.

Faryadi, Q. (2007). Enlightening advantages of cooperative learning. Unpublished Dissertation, UITM University, Malaysia.

Gabbert, B., Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1986). Cooperative learning, group-to individual transfer, process gain, and the acquisition of cognitive reasoning strategies. Journal of Psychology, 120(3), 265-278.

Gillies, R. M. (2007). Cooperative learning: Integrating theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Gokhale, A. A. (1995). Collaborative Learning enhances critical thinking. Journal of Technology Education, 7(1), 22-30.

Heyman, G. D. (2008). Children’s critical thinking when learning from others. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17(5), 344-347.

Honey, P. (2004). Critical thinking Questionnaire. Retrieved Oct 2011, from:      http://www.Peter Honey.com, 2000.

Jacobs, G. M., Lee, C., & Ng, M. (1997, June). Cooperative learning in the thinking classroom. Paper presented at the International Conference on Thinking, Singapore.

Jacobs, G. M. (2001). Cooperative learning in the thinking classroom: Research and Theoretical Perspectives.   Retrieved June 15, 2001, from www.geocities.com.

Johnson, D. W., & Johnson R. T. (1989). Cooperation and competition: Theory and research. New Brighton, MN: Interaction Book Compony.

Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1990). Cooperative learning and achievement. In S. Sharan (Ed.), Cooperative learning: Theory and research (pp. 23-37). New York: Praeger.

Johnson D. W., Johnson R. T. (1992). Positive interdependence: Key to effective cooperation. In Hertz-Lazarowitz R., Miller N. (Eds.), Interaction in cooperative groups (pp. 174-199). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1994). Leading the cooperative school. Edina, MN: Interaction Book Company.

Johnson, D. W., & Johnson R. T. (1999). Learning together and alone: Cooperative, competitive, and individualistic learning (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2008). Social interdependence theory and cooperative learning: The teacher’s role. In R. M. Gillies, A. Ashman, & J. Terwel (Eds.), The teacher’s role in implementing cooperative learning in the classroom (pp. 9-36). Brisbane: Springer.

Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Holubec, E. J. (1990). Circles of learning: Cooperation in the classroom (3rd ed.). Edina, MN: Interaction Book Company. 

Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Holubec, E. J. (1993). Cooperation in the classroom (6th ed.). Edina, MN: Interaction Book Company.

Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., Maruyama, G., Nelson, D., & Skon, L. (1981). Effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic goal structures on achievement: A meta-analysis. Physiological Bulletin, 89(1), 47-62.

Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Smith, K. A. (1998).  Active Learning:  Cooperation in the College Classroom (2nd ed.).  Edina, MN:  Interaction Book Company.

Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Smith, K. A. (2007). The state of cooperative learning in postsecondary and professional settings. Educational Psychology Review, 19(1), 15-29.

Johnson, D. W., Skon, L., & Johnson, R. (1980). Effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic conditions on children’s problem-solving performance. American Educational Research Journal, 17(1), 83-93.

Kagan, S. (1989). The structural approach to cooperative learning. Educational Leadership, 47(4), 12-15.

Karami, M., Pakmehr, H., & Aghili, A. (2011). Study of inquiry effect on students’ development of critical thinking disposition in high school. The Proceedings of 3rd international conference of education, Iran-Tehran: Tarbiyat Mo'allem University of Shahid Rajaee.

Lipman, M. (1991). Thinking in education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mathews, R. S., Cooper, J. L., Davidson, N., & Hawkes, P. (1995). Build bridges between cooperative and collaborative learning. Change, 27(4), 35-40.

Nelson, C. E. (1994). Critical thinking and collaborative learning. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 59(1), 45-58.

Olivares, O. J. (2005). Collaborative critical thinking: Conceptualizing and defining a new construct from known constructs. Issues in Educational Research, 15(1), 86-100.

Paul, R. W. (1992). Critical thinking: What, why, and how? New Directions for Community Colleges, 77(2), 3-24.

Qin, Z., Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1995). Cooperative versus competitive efforts and problem solving. Review of Educational Research, 65(2), 129-143.

Rashtchi, M., & Sadraeimanesh, F. (2011). Is debate a useful strategy in enhancing the reading comprehension and critical thinking of Iranian EFL learners? Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 1(4), 361-369.

Richards, J. C., Hall, J., & Proctor, S. (2005). Interchange (3rd ed.). UK: Cambridge University Press.

Sadeghi, M. R. (2012). The Effects of cooperative learning on critical thinking in an academic context. Journal of Psychological and Educational Research, 20(2), 1-18.

Siegel, H. (1980). Critical thinking as an educational ideal, The Educational Forum, 45(1), 7-24.

Slavin, R. E. (1995). Cooperative learning: Theory, research, and practice (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Smith, M. J. (1984). A comparison of cooperative and individualistic learning in associate degree nursing students. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota.

Thayer-Bacon, B. J. (2000). Transforming critical thinking: Thinking constructively. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

Totten, S., Sills, T., Digby, A., & Russ, P. (1991). Cooperative learning: A guide to research. New York: Garland.

Tsay, M., & Brady, M. (2010). A case study of cooperative learning and communication pedagogy: Does working in teams make a difference? Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 10(2), 78-89.

Wang, T. (2009) Applying Slavin’s cooperative learning techniques to a college EFL conversation class. Human Resource and Adult Learning Journal, 5(1), 112-120.

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.